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Opinion: How to reform tax to prevent asset bubbles

Posted in News

John WalleyBy John Walley Finance Minister Bill English has recognised the dangers of a recovery led by housing and consumption. He has also indicated a willingness to take the necessary steps to avoid one. Based on past experience a Capital Gains Tax is at the top of the list of initiatives that politicians would like to avoid, but the obvious imbalance in our economy is compelling evidence that a shift to a broader, more balanced tax base is necessary. Even the Government appointed Buckle tax review looks likely to recommend a Capital Gains Tax. One of the arguments against introducing such a tax centres on the fact that other countries which have a Capital Gains Tax already have still suffered a housing boom. While this is the case, New Zealand's boom has been the worst.

New Zealand's increase in prices has outpaced those of our competitors. As Brian Gaynor illustrated in this table in the Herald, this investment in housing has had a pronounced affect on investment in business. Bank lending to businesses has grown at less than half the rate of lending to individuals and investment in the stock exchange is particularly telling. As the earlier graph showed, Australia has also experienced a housing boom, but better balance as a result of their Capital Gains Tax means that business there has not suffered to the same extent. There has been a lot of talk over the years about how a Capital Gains Tax is unpalatable to voters, however, more investment in productive activity creating more and better jobs, increasing incomes, more affordable housing and reduced personal tax rates as a result of the broader tax base all sound like very politically salable ideas. In the January 2009 Register of Pecuniary Interests of Members of Parliament 65 out of the 122 MPs owned two properties or more, so perhaps this is a more pressing reason for the persistent reluctance to deal with our asset tax haven. Putting aside self interest is always difficult, we will see. ____________ * John Walley is the CEO of the New Zealand Manufacturers and Exporters Association.

We welcome your help to improve our coverage of this issue. Any examples or experiences to relate? Any links to other news, data or research to shed more light on this? Any insight or views on what might happen next or what should happen next? Any errors to correct?

We welcome your comments below. If you are not already registered, please register to comment in the box on the right or click on the "'Register" link at the bottom of the comments. Remember we welcome robust, respectful and insightful debate. We don't welcome abusive or defamatory comments and will de-register those repeatedly making these comments.

I take a completely different

I take a completely different message from those figures John. The message I take is what a pathetic and lame lot the stock market consists of. Look to your own ranks for the answer - how exactly can I invest in the tradeable sector?

The CGT is a complete red herring. Where are the alternatives to investing in property?

I support the tradeable sector indirectly by providing premises but have only minimal exposure to the dodgy listed companies.

How did the stock market manage to upset and rip off it's customers? Why are there no new listings? Stop blaming others and identify where your industry went wrong.

Gosh darn it , why

Gosh darn it , why can't they see the bleeding obvious , remove the LAQC's ? So much simpler than lumping on a new tax , to fix the problem . This won't necessarily prevent another housing bubble in the future , but it will even up the playing field with other investment options . They wonder why Kiwis have an obsession with residential property , and it's staring them straight in the face : Tax minimisation thru LAQC !

RW: To an extend I

RW: To an extend I agree....our finance industry has got a D for transparency and E for competency and an F for morals...its clearly dodgy and run by fraudsters. is the Govn going to fix that? no....

Stocks, well big investors, banks and pension funds have huge positions and in turn do analysis ahead of profit announcements etc so can move before hand. That means small investors are at a significant dis-advantage straight off. Also the NZX isnt what I would call fair and honest with its data....you can buy access? and get a 20min window ahead of mom and pops?....I seem to recall....

I do think housing is too easy, it needs a CGT, but just hammering that and not fixing the problems above just makes small ppls losses even more likely and bigger IMHO.

Agree with Roger, get rid

Agree with Roger, get rid of LAQC's. I spoke with a friend last night who is contemplating buying two more rentals only because of the tax break. LAQC's hinder real supply & demand

Removed comment.

Removed comment.

Actually I think there are

Actually I think there are some subtle changes which will help prevent bubbles. I think the recent change to setting a minimum requirement for banks to raise locally was a masterstroke by the RBNZ. The fact that the majority of mortgages have been at low long term rates is central to the problem.

My comment was just that I see CGT as a red herring - it has proven unable to prevent bubbles elsewhere so why should it work here? Its just makes no sense.

The argument seems to be that the residential real estate sector crowded out investment in "real" business.

I used to feel that manufacturing was somehow more real than other business but now feel that was based on a subtle version of Marxist analysis that permeated the society in which I live. Unfortunately I have not as yet managed to develop this line of enquiry into a useful analysis, mainly due to lack of intellectual ability on my part.

However, it is clear that listed businesses have failed to compete for funding.

My suggestion to manaufacturing is simply this - stop whining. I agree it makes no sense that I can borrow money to buy a house at a better rate than Fletcher Building (our biggest manufacturer?) can. So raise equity.

Solve the problem.

One of the problems I

One of the problems I see with trying to target "bubbles" is that there is very little consensus on whether there is a bubble unless and until it bursts. Is the Chinese stock market a bubble? Maybe, maybe not.

I am sure that we have a housing bubble in New Zealand currently as is the writer and commentators on this article. However, there are a large number of other commentators on this forum who are convinced that there is no bubble as is most of new zealand.

Its in the nature of bubbles not to be able to see them otherwise they wouldn't be bubbles.
In these circumstances how can you target them?

That said, i'm all for tax changes to divert investment away from real property and into more productive enterprises.

Have a read of this:

Have a read of this:
http://www.pundit.co.nz/content/the-dj-bill-english-tax-re-mix
then go out back and start your veg garden, order the chooks for they will supply you with an arsenal of rotten eggs in time for the parade of liars come Nov 2011.

Investors buy houses because the

Investors buy houses because the trust their judgement to pick ones they like, they know they can look after and maintain it. It is an asset they have control over. Those that buy houses are taking a long term view, a pull back in the market is not going to worry them too much.

People don't like (trust) real estate agents or paying commission. This makes it easier to hold a property than sell it. There is a bias away from selling.

I expect many of those mum & dad investors that lost money in finance companies, would now have preferred to have brought property "“ at least they would have some value left. How do you think these mum & dad investor feel when these companies go bust, yet the directors still have their fancy houses and cars, and have shifted all their dishonest money to trusts.

This shows me exactly why NZ'ers love property.

Roger, "real business" is a

Roger, "real business" is a better investment for any economy than residential property in the sense that "real business" is a muiltiplier of national productivity (and so, in theory, standard of living) while a house is not. You can have a nicer or larger house but that won't make you or others more productive in an economic sense. However you can invest in a business that provides jobs forever (not just when building the house and a limited amount after) and also produces things that in turn make other people or businesses more productive, and the employees in turn can spend and invest the same. There is a postive feedback multiplier effect in there. At least that is the mental picture I have.

marky mark - many may see a bubble but still want to get in because if they think we're only part way up and that they will get out 'at the top' (good luck).

John Walley, You've inspired me

John Walley,
You've inspired me to write quite a long article. I hope you find it interesting:

What is wrong with the NZ Economy and how to fix it
http://neuralnetwriter.cylo42.com/node/1665

It's interesting that it's cheaper to get a mortgage than a business loan. Am I the only one who finds this odd.

RW: the point is a

RW: the point is a CGT aims reduce the worst of the bubble...I dont see anything that says this would be the case or not for sure however.

MatH: There is what's best for NZ and its economy and what's bets for an individual investor....I certainly see nothing wrong with an investor doing whats best for them....second guessing an investment for the good of the National economy is impossible and Pollies might love you until you make a loss, then you find you are on your own....

Ppl invest in housing because of the perceived advantages....to me it looks like being a landlord from an income perspective does not pay....its the capital gains that make it worth it, and/or you can take losses from elsewhere or to elsewhere to reduce tax.....

Hi John, There is no

Hi John, There is no doubt that a CGT would prevent such a large bubble in the housing market. But how much it would help is hard to tell? A large portion of the blame can be given to the amount of easy credit available to consumers over the past few years which has driven prices up.

The Reserve Bank needs more tools than the OCR to control domestic consumption and hence inflation. Leave the OCR low in order to discourage overvaluation in the NZD and create a new form of tax to control domestic demand. Mortgage Levy, Capital Requirement limits on banks, Variable GST, Interest linked saving, there are some options. It's time for our government to stand up and take some real leadership on this issue. The perfect time is now! Recession is a good time for change. Start supporting our tradeable sector

A simple point here I

A simple point here I fear:
If GST goes up to 20%, won't that be reflected instantly in the price of property rising by the same amount? A new house will jump by the increase. Vendors will expect the same.

steven: of course, the point

steven: of course, the point is that taxation should be restructured so that what is best for the investor is also best for the economy.

whats the point the banks

whats the point the banks wont let it happen again in our lifetime .Have we had another sharemarket boom

Paul, a CGT would not

Paul, a CGT would not prevent a large bubble in the housing market. On the contrary, it would be accompanied by governmental measures - of the kind currently being advanced - designed to hyper-inflate. Do you seriously believe the government, and those who command it, would introduce a tax in the belief that it would contain the housing market, perhaps even leading to a situation where prices falls would allow a 'reverse' CGT 'credit' to be set against other income. No, political 'kite flying' over CGT - simultaneous with stimuli - is a powerful indicator that the authorities are intent upon severe inflation. This will deliver the illusory gains upon which the pretext for CGT can be levied - to be paid for out of actual income. Of course, if you can't afford to pay you can always 're-mortgage' to meet your liabilities. Yet wait, won't CGT only apply to investment and holiday homes at the point of sale? Yet wait, wasn't income tax a temporary impost on the very rich whilst Britain was fighting the Napoleonic Wars?

CGT will be the beginning of the quasi confiscation of private property in which the authorities simply declare someone to have enjoyed a windfall - and then force them to hand over a share in the form of tribute. Ultimately, the driver of house prices is the volume of money in pursuit thereof and, under a 100% fiat system, there is simply no limit to how high they can rise. If you want to control house prices then you must control the money supply and that means wresting it from bankers and reposing it upon some foundation that they cannot inflate. Historically this has been precious metals.

Anyone who believes the government is committed to affordable housing is, in my view, seriously misguided. The bankers would not allow it and the concomitant effects would destroy the current grotesque (if illusory) tax base. Why do you think the government is trying to encourage wealthy migration with few questions asked? Be patient, because in the end 'Mr Market' will have his vengeance - either via a debt deflation that simply overwhelms the attempts at stimulus, or through a Wiemar experience that propels the 'perma bulls' portfolio values to trillions but leaves them singing 'brother can you spare a sandwich' as their worthless incomes buy nothing.

Of course house prices will

Of course house prices will rise by 7.5% immediately, Wally! But only as long as the additional purchasing power is there. If you can afford $500k, equity + mortgage, today, that same stake will not allow you to pay $537.5k tommorrow just because the noiminal price has altered. So your real purchasing power will actually buy you a lower standard of living. That, in reality, is where we are off to.

Wally , we have already

Wally , we have already got my chooks and my veg garden.
Or perhaps I'll be in trouble for that since the veg I grow are not part of our taxable family income and so we get more WfF.
People are rational and will organise their affairs to benefit themselves and their loved ones.

I walk down pavements I didn't pay for, and the roads, anyone go to the hospital recently?
Any one receive an education at a NZ school ? That cost over $10,000 a year in operating cost and I wouldn't like to guess the total cost including buildings, bureaucracy...
My chicken house floor is cleaner.

http://mises.org/store/Income-Tax-The-Root-of-All-Evil-P342.aspx
"He argues that income taxes are different from other forms because they deny the right of private property and presume government control over all things. "

That is what we have at the moment too much Government control and too much tax. Cut the spending not fine tune the system. The system is stuffed.

How about cut zoning and a return to sound, gold backed currency?

I think the market should

I think the market should dictate asset values as far as possible, with tax structures distorting things as little as possible. I note, however, that governments should work to eliminate market failures (e.g negative externalities such as pollution, and provision of certain public goods - especially defence and law and order) so that prices properly reflect all relevant factors.

I think the government should be truly bold in reforming our tax system and, simultaneously, rethinking the role of the state. At the moment, all efforts seem to just be an exercise in shuffling deck chairs.

The basic philosophy should be to tax 'bads', not 'goods', and to try and keep things as clean and simple as possible. With that in mind, I'd consider:

Ripping through the statute book with the aim of halving the amount of NZ legislation (at least!).

Moving to government creating money in a non debt-based fashion (how long must we continue to enrich global financial elites?).

Implementing a tax on all cross-border financial transactions (Tobin tax).

Eliminating all income tax (including from capital gains). Aside from its negative/perverse incentives and the fact that it is just plain theft, income tax came about through the need to finance wars - look where that got us!

Bringing the Treaty Settlements process to an end - not because it is a bad thing per se, but because it can't go on for ever.

Instituting a broad based GST (exempting only food and medical care) with the initial level to be set at 20% for argument's sake.

Applying a land tax that did not privilege town over country or vice versa. Local authorities would no longer levy rates but could levy user charges for their services (but could not accumulate surpluses), and would have various 'social' obligations imposed by current legislation removed from them.

Reducing, eliminating or raising the threshhold for most tax transfers (especially by scrapping WfF, and by raising the age of entitlement for NZ super and introducing progressively stringent means testing).

Charging user fees (set at full cost of provision, and not allowing the funds gathered to be applied to other government activities i.e. no cross-subsidisation) for use of any public services or assets that bestow a private benefit on users (i.e. non-public goods) e.g. health services (other than certain public health services such as vacinations), roads, rail, land titles, vehicle licenses, passports to name just a few.

Making provison of such services fully contestable (i.e. outsourced private sector provision is entirely permissible but not preferenced).

Introducing a requirement that governments may not run deficits and instead must live within their means.

Requiring that any increase in GST would require some form of parliamentary super majority (to act as a check on expansionist tendencies) and would not be able to breach the balanced budget rule (govt. surpluses are plain theft).

I could go on. The best test of a good plan would be that everybody, from citizens to international banksters, was howling in protest.

The point is its time for NZ to consider radical change - tinkering will get us nowhere.