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Opinion: Wealth destruction and consumer angst
By Neville Bennett I am drawn irresistibly to the image of Emperor Nero playing his fiddle while Rome was burning: it is a metaphor of an ebullient Wall Street elite ignoring the massive destruction of wealth that it has inflicted on the world. Moreover, incomes are also failing and I believe consumer spending will also decline. This is important as consumer spending drives about 70% of US GDP. The reality is encapsulated in Edmund Phelps's belief that it will take 15 years for American consumers to recover. Phelps won a Nobel Prize in Economics 2006. The crisis is still reducing wealth and income. I resolved to tackle this issue when I read a report that it is expected that 50% of US mortgages household will be underwater next year. Moreover incomes fell more than anytime in the last four years in June. Unemployment is headed for 10%, a several million people will have exhausted their unemployment benefits shortly.
The ravages of the Greater Depression will be found throughout the globe. Matters might be as bad in the UK. There will be less partying now in London, Dublin, Dubai and Reykjavik than formerly. So the US's travails are everyone's travails including New Zealand's. The destruction of wealth, deflating assets, and falling incomes (deposits, dividends as well as salaries and wages) is widespread and surprisingly unacknowledged. The scary thing is that household equity in the US has declined by 94%. Wealth Gross financial wealth ( shares, bonds and deposits etc ) reached a peak of US$22 trillion in October 2007, before making the greatest fall in history to $12 tln in early March this year. The recent share-market market rally has raised wealth back to $15.4 tln, but much damage has been done, with a decline of 30% from the peak. While financial assets have decreased, household debt levels have plateaued for three years at about US$13 tln. But assets and debts are close in value, so net equity is less than US$1 tln. Net equity has declined by 94% since 2007. Households still have some liquid assets in money market accounts, but there is insufficient to raise equity markets on capital flows. Housing According to a recent Deutsche Bank report, the percentage of US homeowners who owe more than their house is worth will nearly double from the present 26% now, to 48% in 2011. Large increases will arise in prime mortgages issued by Fannie May and Freddie Mac. "Jumbo" mortgage households are especially at risk. Although there is some recent stabilization in housing values, Deutsche argues that home prices will fall again in 2011. Commercial property seems even more vulnerable. Income US household income has fallen the most in 50 years. Recoveries depend on increased spending and investment, so it is unfortunate that wages and salaries fell 4.7% in June y-o-y, the biggest fall since records began in 1960. This decrease occurred despite recent tax cuts and a Social Security bonus. Personal income, which includes rents and dividends etc fell by 1.3% in June alone. This may deteriorate further as the number of jobless rises, and a number of people who have been unemployed for 6 months will no longer receive a benefit. Moreover, income and spending will be hit in the second half of 2009 by higher fuel prices and the one-off payment to retirees. Companies have lowered pay and hours worked, and some have cut contributions to retirement funds. Poverty is increasing in a country without adequate social security. There are now more than 34 million Americans on food stamps. Company earnings The stock market boom is not earnings-driven. The mantra justifying stock rises is that earnings were "better than expected". So when companies results were better than expected, and 44% were, the market responded positively. But expectations are very low, which is appropriate as earnings are meager. Reported earning on the S&P500 are 36% lower than last year. The P/E on the S&P500 is 24. Consumers squeezed Consumption is of increasing importance to US GDP. It ranged around 62% of GDP from 1951 to 1982. It then adopted a rising trajectory to 70% in 2003. It has leveled off at 70% since then, with a 2% fall in late 2007. Several factors will squeeze consumer spending in the medium term, so strong economic growth is not expected. The first change is a stronger preference for saving. This always happens in recessions as consumers try to build a cushion against unemployment and medical costs. Perhaps the greatest change is in debt servicing (other than mortgage servicing). Consumer have large negative balances on credit cards as well as car loans. About 14% of take home pay goes in interest payments - quite a steep rise since 1995. Consumer credit has been falling for several months; not so much because consumers are cutting demand but more because lenders face too many bad debts. The ratio of consumer credit to disposable personal income is still at a record high, so companies are reducing lending limits. Tighter credit and a desire to save will reduce consumption, and thereby growth, by about 0.75% p.a. Most commentators believe that the wealth effect has worn off as houses fall in value and employment get tighter. What Next? A long era has passed where millions of people in the US (and elsewhere) relied on rising real estate and share markets, and plentiful credit, to raise their standard of living to unsustainable levels. Saving plunged and borrowing skyrocketed. The era has ended in disaster; vast numbers are paying a high proportion of their income to service debt and mortgages. Many homes have fallen precipitately in value and have been repossessed. The retirement prospects of a generation have been dimmed, even impaired. People's risk appetite has abruptly changed. But security comes at the price of low yields. Bank deposits returns are not exciting. Consumers are not in a physical or psychological state to drive another boom. There cannot be a strong recovery: a long period of very low growth, like Japan's lost decades, extends to the horizon.
____________ * Neville Bennett was a long-time Senior Lecturer in History at the University of Canterbury, where he taught since 1971. His focus is economic history and markets. He is also a columnist for the NBR where a version of this item first appeared. neville@bennetteconomics.com www.bennetteconomics.com
2 Comments
"According to a recent Deutsche
"According to a recent Deutsche Bank report, the percentage of US homeowners who owe more than their house is worth will nearly double from the present 26% now, to 48% in 2011."
Neville, do you really think this could happen? Won't the inflation that must be going to hit us soon prevent this happening???
From what Neville has highlighted
From what Neville has highlighted this is all deflationary(less money around). If commodities rise from here it will not be demand driven but by fear of US currency crashing which will lead onto social problems in the setting of falling wealth.
Krugman thinks inflation is not a consideration. if 13 trillion lost and 2 trillion printed the black hole gets filled up a little but the hole is still there.
It will be interesting to see how this plays up.
?Welcome stagflation
Neville/Bernard your thoughts on this?
Neville, Great article. I wonder
Neville,
Great article. I wonder if future historians looking back on things will note that the decline in living standards in the West coincided with rising living standards in Asia and given that the bulk of the worlds population lived in Asia conclude that on balance things worked out ok.
TumTeTum,
48% underwater is already a reality in many parts of the US - including large chunks of california, arizona, nevada and Florida.
http://www.miamiherald.com/business/story/1183736.html
It's possible that any inflation may not lift house prices as much as one might think on the basis that higher interest rates tend to follow the higher inflation.
Neville - nice piece, many
Neville - nice piece, many salient points. Almost all of what you describe is deflationary in nature and there is a fair bit of evidence to back that viewpoint up. My question is - what happens when the deflationary effect of deleveraging collides with the inflationary effects of resource depletion? My understanding from your previous missives is that you are aware of our looming liquid fuels crisis - I reckon 2012 is when it will start to really heat up.
The key moment is not so much when we are past peakoil production (some claim with a deal of justification that the global peak happened for crude oil in the period 2005-2008), but is rather when recessionary effects are no longer capable of knocking demand below supply (as happened in 2008-present), because the latter is falling at a greater and increasing rate. We are not there yet but we are getting close....
Wise old Neville.
Wise old Neville.
Mish on inflation An Austrian
Mish on inflation
An Austrian Economic Definition Of Inflation
In Austrian economic terms inflation is a net increase of money supply and credit and deflation is the opposite, a net decrease in money supply and credit. In those terms we either have inflation or we don't. Prices simply do not fit into the equation.
Not all those calling themselves Austrian economists would agree with that definition. Some consider money supply only. But even by that definition, we either have inflation or we don't.
The notion of inflation and deflation at the same time is a widely held belief based on brainwashing by the Fed about what inflation is. If everyone realized inflation involved money supply, the Fed and Central Bankers would not be able to lie through their teeth about being "inflation fighters".
Once you realize that inflation involves money supply, you must come to the realization that the only source of inflation in the world comes from Central Bankers. Unfortunately, the media has bought the Fed's "inflation fighting" mantra hook line and sinker by talking about inflation as if it was prices.
Yes prices of some thing can rise while others fall. However, that will ALWAYS be the case from now until eternity. This makes the seemingly powerful statement "we have inflation and deflation at the same time" cute, but meaningless nonsense.
Fiat Mathematical Model
Those who model the world in terms of money supply only, ignoring credit, have missed the boat big time. They have been looking for massive "price inflation" for years pointing out the huge printing by the Fed.
Yes, in isolation, printing is inflation. But its effects are nonexistent when credit, marked to market, is plunging at a greater rate as is the case now. I talked about this concept in detail in Fiat World Mathematical Model.
The Fed and Central bankers, try as they might, simply have not been able to force banks to lend or consumers to borrow. For a real eye opener, take a look at the five charts in US Consumer Credit Shows Steepest Contraction in Over 5 Decades.
Those calling for higher prices because of all the printing blew the call and those looking only at prices to begin with were not even in the boat.
In a credit based economy one must take credit into consider first and foremost to have a chance at getting the global picture correct.
Where's the Inflationary Beef?
The answer is: There is none, nor will there be any unless the Fed can coax banks to lend or consumers to go on another huge spending spree.
With alternative measures of unemployment over 16%, with an unprecedented 4.4 million workers have been unemployed and looking for work for 26 weeks or longer, with 1.5 million unemployed on the verge of expiring over 52 week of extended unemployment benefits, and with home prices crashing and $trillions in imaginary "wealth" wiped out, pray tell what is the likelihood of consumers going on a huge shopping spree?
Mike "Mish" Shedlock
http://globaleconomicanalysis.blogspot.com/2009/08/misguided-worries-abo...
Raf posted these figures from
Raf posted these figures from NZ in another thread.
Quite right Neville, it's a
Quite right Neville, it's a nation coming to the end of its days. Right, stuff the USSA, let's all learn Mandarin and get with the kowtowing to our new masters in Beijing. How about that paragraph "A long era .... Saving plunged and borrowing skyrocketed, ended in disaster; vast numbers paying a high proportion of their income to service debt and mortgages. Many homes have fallen in value and have been repossessed" ( edited version) oh yeah that's us all right.
Best way out of this mess is to avoid debt, invest in commodities and stash your cash before the crash. Keep a wary eye out for thieving taxes set to bleed the place dry.
Best of all, join the bludgers in Parliament and get to wallow in the pig trough full of stolen peasant wealth.
Wally : Good advice. Got
Wally : Good advice. Got some oil and gold in the bottom drawer. Should I get some wheels of parmesan cheese too ?
Doesn't it seem typical that Gumnut is talking of new, repressive taxes, to reload their coffers. Cullen was to blame for given them such an appetite. No risk of them cutting back on their expenditure ? Ditch some of the " services " they give us. "Working For Families" is one of the biggest rorts, and ought to be dumped. And the LAQCs for property parasites......sorry, ah, property investors !
Watch out for the new cheese levy........hide the wheels, the cheese inspectors will be calling you soon !!!!!
For all you commodity bulls,caution.
For all you commodity bulls,caution.
http://bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601072&sid=aox.KsSOudpA
Sure thing Andrewj, always caution
Sure thing Andrewj, always caution but my exposure in oil is when I fill the tank. I'm a copper buff. I note the article includes an opposing viewpoint with predictions of $200 oil v the $10 prediction. I cannot see the OPEC crooks supplying oil below cost. Just a case of turning off a valve. With the US$ set to slide, it stands to reason anything priced in this stuff will rise in price. That goes for most commodities. Then it pays to accept the CIBA nations are not going to sit back twiddling their thumbs waiting for the USSA to pay down its debts (twenty to thrity years). China alone is set to grow at about 9% pa for the next twenty years!. More than likely they will apply what they can learn from the ballsup in the west. Expect a move into green tech. That means electricity which means nuclear which means uranium and the whole sheebang development demands millions of tons of copper. This stuff is in short supply in China as is uranium. Anyway, just as you buy Chinese made electric drills etc, so you will be buying Chinese AE cars by 2020. Once the economies of scale 'watershed' arrives, expect clunkers to cost more and be phased out rapidly. Just as steam tractors were!
Andrewj Excellent links and quotes!
Andrewj
Excellent links and quotes! Yes Mish has a great understanding of what's really going on and who's behind it. Unfortunately most people have been brainwashed by mainstream thought which isn't altogether their fault. But If people asked why enough times they will find the answers.
Follow the white rabbit...
Don't worry about discussing inflation.
Don't worry about discussing inflation. With the recent rises in longer term interest rates based on a load of speculative crap and the continual refusal of banks to lend any money, there is very little chance of any sustained economic growth to fuel inflation. The most concerning thing for NZ is that we are in a scenario of relying on a housing recovery to kick start the economy since the dollar is at levels which make it difficult for the export sector to contribute a great deal.
With interest rates already on the rise before we have even emerged from recession, any hope of improving economic conditions have taken a huge blow. There is going to have to be a pullback (interest rates, share prices) of some kind soon when we all realise the fundamentals are still weak.
Im going to scare the
Im going to scare the cr*p out of you
http://www.prudentbear.com/index.php/thebearslairview?art_id=10258
Just the beginning ? .......already
Just the beginning ?
.......already officially manipulating their currencies are Sweden, New Zealand, Australia and the Swiss. This does not create a fair playing field and it pulls the underpinnings out from under the WTO, the World Trade Organization, which is the major element in the destruction of the industrial power of Japan, Canada, the US and Europe.
Full article:
http://www.theinternationalforecaster.com/International_Forecaster_Weekl...
The next bubble? http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039
The next bubble?
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601039&sid=a04oVutXQybk
Widening Gaps
The decline in energy supplies
The decline in energy supplies will cause an accelerated decline in all the economies of the world. Even China's growth will depend on markets outside it's own domestic marketand once you start having to transport the materials to and frow then energy supply and price determine if it will happen or not. The energy issue will drive the outcome of the global economy more than any single factor because the current global model is totally reliant on it.
This article is interesting though, pointing out how China is rapidly swapping it's USSA based investments for commodities, which are more likely to rise in value than the US $. The amazing thing this highlights is that effectively all the credit China has provided the US amounts to them buying the tax income of an entire generation of the US. But because the US is now in rapid decline that is no longer guaranteed income hence the move to commodities.
http://seekingalpha.com/article/141571-china-shipping-and-the-great-comm...
They may have issue with honouring their commodities deals in future though. In 20 years time (maybe only 5-10) they might find it difficult to make viable to be extracting and transporting their commodities due to the enrgy crunch.
......and not to forget the
......and not to forget the damage and $ Millions/ Billions of repair & reconstruction costs from natural disasters caused by climate changes.
I think in stead of creating a cycle way and other similar projects (I was in favour a few months ago) we better make plans and take actions to protect life's, the land and infrastructures.
Unlike debt where a $
Unlike debt where a $ created is a $ removed from existence when repaid, when a market bubble retreats to true value or below no "destruction" of wealth occurs, only a "transferal" of wealth from those who sold into the bubble to those who brought when it was rising above true value. Leaving those who sold into the bubble with increased wealth, and those who brought into the bubble with depreciating freshair all the way back to true value. This why the policing of creative accountancy and disclosure laws are so important as a market in which all participants are given equal information is not a fair and equal market, but a wealth transferring rort.
The housing bubble has had a much more catastrophic impact upon the solvency of international banking because as it increased above true value it was also deemed to have increased the capital reserves of banking and allowing more credit to be created by the credit multiplier ratio which had been lifted to clearly unprudent levels. Thus when the housing bubble inevitably burst as the price of housing exceeded the level of industry available to support it, the reduced value of housing also reduced the amount of capital reserve they made up at the base of banking. This left to its own devices would have meant that the loans of credit they backed would have had to be called in, in order for banks to meet their capital adequacy requirements. This would have exposed the house of cards for what it had been. So instead the powers that be deemed this to big to be allowed to happen and tapped the banks directly into the PAYE taxpayers vein, loaning forward trillions more created credit in exchange for trillions more of the future taxes of the world being pledged in repayment(bailout package). We were told the new credit these IOUs allowed to be created were going to allow the banks to keep lending to society to alleviate stress upon society by allowing the credit oiled wheels of commerce to keep turning. But the truth is the bailout money has been used to replace the capital reserves wiped out in the bursting of the housing bubble in order to keep the system solvent, not to mention large dollops of it that went to pay the sickening remuneration and bonuses of those that oversaw the rort, thus bugger all of the credit has been used to do what they claimed it would do, has not allowed lending to continue, but is essentially being used to replace what of the balance sheet has been stolen, whilst rewarding most those that stole it.
Excellent article Neville, thanks. Don't
Excellent article Neville, thanks. Don't we live in interesting times!?
Wasn't it Harry Truman who said something along the lines of, 'We have 40% of the world's resources, and 4% of the world's population, and our job is to keep it that way.'
Can the recent economic history of US possibly be explained as much by their starting to run out of resources as by the whole credit thing? I believe so. What the availability of cheap credit did perhaps was to extend the period of denial. The manipulated high value of the $US, mainly through its role as reserve currency, did not help either.
Why are we arguing about the definition of inflation?
interesting comment....for those thinking govn
interesting comment....for those thinking govn borrowing might cause high interest rates....this isnt the case.......however I think NZ is looking unique this time?....in the past when the OCR went down so did mortgage rates, in this case however the RB's drop is castrated, external private money is determining the mortgage rate (why isnt more borrowing at OCR from Govn being done?) and not the OCR?
http://krugman.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/14/deficits-and-interest-rates/
15 years for America to recover? yes I think so, so what happens in the meantime? ie do interest rates stay at virtually zero? This is what happened with Japan with their lost decade...so why fix your mortgage at 8%?
Tumtetum: what about deflation instead then.....inflation isnt guaranteed...its preferred to deflation though....
Oil at $10? yeah right...it takes more than that to get it out....$200....IF the global economy could stand that, yes, but we've seen that the Us economy for certain is toast at $147 a barrel (about 6~7% GDP)....I suspect $100 is about the balance point going forward, any less and no one invests...so eventually prices rise which causes a collapse....yet again....any economy like the US has to dis-engage from energy usage if its going to grow from now on YoY...the oil wont be there....ditto coal, gas....then metals....its one huge shortage....The only way i could see oil at $10 is if we were back in the stone age....
A give you this from
A give you this from a Kiwi of action and credibility from who we should all take a lead.
Bryan Gould
In 1962, a Rhodes Scholarship took him to Balliol College, Oxford, where he completed a post-graduate law degree, the B.C.L., with first-class honours. He joined the British Diplomatic Service in 1964 as the top entrant of his year and served in the Foreign Office and the Brussels Embassy......In 1974, he was elected to the House of Commons as Labour MP for the marginal seat of Southampton Test. He was appointed Parliamentary Private Secretary to the Rt. Hon. Peter Shore MP. On losing the seat in the 1979 general election, he joined Thames Television as a presenter and reporter on the nationally networked current affairs programme, TV Eye...........He returned to New Zealand in 1994 as Vice-Chancellor of the University of Waikato. He chaired the New Zealand Vice-Chancellors' Committee for two years. He is Chair of the National Centre for Tertiary Teaching Excellence and has been appointed by the Ministry of Research, Science and Technology as a Mentor to a newly formed group of younger social science researchers - He Waka Tangata. On stepping down from the University in 2004, he was made a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit and in 2006 was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Waikato. He chairs the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology and the New Zealand National Commission for UNESCO.
http://www.bryangould.net/id11.html
WHO CONTROLS THE BANKS?
(middle paragraph most relevant to this thread)
"It has always been a mystery that the banking function "“ which in macro-economic terms means essentially the creation of credit and therefore of money "“ should have been allowed to develop in private hands. The banks have avoided scrutiny on this issue, first by (improbably) denying that they create money, secondly by arguing that the function is in any case so important to the economy that it would be too dangerous to disturb it and finally by maintaining that only they have the expertise to discharge the function anyway - and all this at a time when the prevailing orthodoxy is that the most important factor in economic management is the rate of growth in the money supply, so that the banks' central role in the creation of credit "“ the most important single factor in the excessive growth in the money supply "“ has an additional and unmistakeable macro-economic impact.
What the recession has demonstrated is that none of these defences can stand. The first stage of the financial crisis was largely one of liquidity and arose because the banks' (supposedly non-existent) ability to create credit was brought to a halt. This required government intervention on a massive scale "“ so much for the argument that the bankers' role should not be disturbed "“ and this in turn showed that it was not the bankers' expertise (which was manifestly in very short supply) but government resources that underpinned the banking function.
So, if the public has an intense interest in the proper discharge of the banking function, and the last-resort guarantor is the public purse from which billions of our money have been spent, why are we content to allow the private oligopoly to proceed on its merry way and to decide in their own interests issues that matter to all of us and that should be placed under democratic control? Why would we not consider some form of public ownership (we have, after all, paid many times over for banks that were virtually worthless) or, at the very least, a degree of effective regulation to ensure that the public interest was protected and that the banking function served that interest rather than private greed?"
http://www.bryangould.net/id94.html
Bryan Gould is a left
Bryan Gould is a left wing loon....OK I'll be nice and say "intelectual"....a scial scientist....I think we had a bellyfull of Clark already...As he would find here, he didnt get far in British politics for a reason....way too left for the Uk voter. Tony Blair could see that UK Labour's future was stradling the centre....Brian was all against it....voters wouldnt have had a thing to do with Labour after its lost decade....Micheal Foot....etc etc.....he and MF are one of the primary reasons I voted Tory....
regards
John Kelly: In those days
John Kelly: In those days the USA was a net oil exporter....now its crippled...it cant police the entire world ensuring raw materials and $s come to it....though under Bush and Chenay it seems that was the plan....swap soldiers and foreign civilians lives for energy....great plan if you are amoral I guess.
regards
Gee Neville Here is country
Gee Neville
Here is country that consumes 25% of the worlds resources with only 6% of the worlds population would would have thought that wasn't sustainable?
Neven
Give us your full name
Give us your full name and background Steven and somewhere we can verify it. Personally I never take as gospel the word of anyone who is not prepared to disclose their full identity in order that a character analysis can be achieved.
All those alternatives you note were oh so successful. England is a basket case, if you had of implemented the credit reforms Bryan Gould promotes it would not be where it is today. He was right te be against all the bankers puppets you mention.
Amazing how jealously causes enemies.
Amazing how jealously causes enemies.
A war will end it all, which side will you be on if you keep hammering the yanks...
Are you going to support China? In general the yanks value human life (that's why the media attacked them whenever they can on it) The chinese will remove two or more problems at once... resource shortage, population overload, inferiority complex... and some!
Thank you for finding the
Thank you for finding the time to put this interesting information together. I'll definately bookmark your website to revisit again. Maintain the nice work.
Neville about time you came
Neville about time you came back
good to see your good old fashioned common sense
Like all the big recessions this one still has a long way to play out...
We can 'stimulate' market(s) into price growth and excessive consumption, and let it go out of control..at the end of the day NOTHING is going to stop the bubble bursting and have everything fall back to long term (30/60yr) levels
So for those who feed the boom (and bust) they loose out, those who where not greedy will have to pull the laces up and just sit out the next 5 or 7 yrs.
There is no miracle fix that so many are looking for out of desperation.
They did the crime so do the time.
what goes up must eventually come down.