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Opinion: Why privatising SOE's could boost GDP by 1%

Posted in News

Last year the Commerce Committee of parliament made similar recommendations. At last the government seems to be taking action. It would make sense to engage experienced and qualified private sector analysts to monitor SOE performance. The government has also taken steps to appoint new directors to SOE boards. Under the previous government, many appeared to be appointed for political reasons only. While governments will always be tempted to make such appointments, the test of the commercial competence of SOE directors should be whether they would be appointed to major public company boards. A number of suggestions have been made on other ways to improve SOE performance. To reduce the risk of political influence on appointments, one is that an independent commission be set up to handle the appointment task. Another is that shareholding ministers only appoint the chairs of SOEs, with the chairs being responsible for appointing other directors. Director remuneration is clearly an issue, and impacts the availability of competent directors. Like it or not, remuneration also affects the commitment of directors to their roles and responsibilities. SOE directors' fees compare poorly with fees paid by major public companies. As a rough rule of thumb, they should probably be doubled. At the same time, there is a strong case for better processes to monitor the performance of SOE directors and remove under-performers. SOE policy adviser Rob Cameron has suggested an advisory panel be set up to support ministers in their assessment of board effectiveness and director compensation. SOE performance suffers from the lack of continuous monitoring associated with sharemarket listing, reporting by analysts and the possibility of takeover. These are powerful disciplines. If the government were prepared to require SOEs to issue non-voting shares, as is provided for in the State-Owned Enterprises Act, it would expose them to most of these disciplines (though not the threat of takeover). But if it chooses to require full economic (rather than voting) ownership of SOEs, the weaknesses in the SOE model are insuperable. Another insuperable problem relates to business strategy. Over time, businesses need the freedom to make acquisitions, diversify, go international and so forth. Inevitably, governments have to limit such freedoms to avoid exposing taxpayers to greater risks. In the final analysis, trying to achieve superior performance in SOEs is like trying to make a cat bark. Because they are subject to political control, SOEs will reflect political imperatives, not commercial imperatives. Many top business people will not want to work in a political environment "“ the reputational risks are too high. Improved performance may occur for a while with demanding ministers, as was initially the case with SOEs, but over time it will deteriorate as experience has shown. The nationalisation of KiwiRail was a purely political move. The chances that it will be commercially profitable are close to zero. It will be a drain on taxpayers and living standards. There is now abundant evidence that, on average and over time, privately owned businesses outperform state-owned ones "“ that is to say they create greater wealth and contribute more to economic growth. This is an empirical, not an ideological, point. A Business Roundtable study suggested the benefits of moving SOEs to the private sector could be as large as 1 percent of annual GDP. The government has a commitment not to sell state-owned assets in its first term, and governments should not lightly break election commitments. An alternative which may not be in breach of its commitment would be to give shares in SOEs to their true owners, New Zealand taxpayers. The gains from shifting commercial entities to the private sector and allowing politicians to focus on the roles that only governments can undertake would be large. Ultimately the government will need to recognise that not following such a path is likely to be inconsistent with its higher commitment to raise New Zealand incomes to Australian levels by 2025. _____________ * This piece by Roger Kerr first appeared in the Otago Daily Times May 8, 2009. Roger Kerr (rkerr@nzbr.org.nz) is the executive director of the New Zealand Business Roundtable.

We welcome your help to improve our coverage of this issue. Any examples or experiences to relate? Any links to other news, data or research to shed more light on this? Any insight or views on what might happen next or what should happen next? Any errors to correct?

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"Director remuneration is clearly an

"Director remuneration is clearly an issue, and impacts the availability of competent directors.

Like it or not, remuneration also affects the commitment of directors to their roles and responsibilities."

This is a joke right?

I would say it isn't

I would say it isn't a joke - look at productivity in relation to renumeration in any country, company, or industry - its empirically evident.

Yes Roger - part privatisation like in the UK

Yes Roger, sell everything and

Yes Roger, sell everything and turn them into slaves

If only they were paid

If only they were paid as much as investment bankers

Poor financial performance as opposed

Poor financial performance as opposed to great financial perfornace from say Citigroup, Bank of America or Lehman Brothers?.....yeah right.

Or what abour GM's profits up until oil hit $147 a barrel.....just maybe the SOE's are being prudent and sound in their busines models. Anybody can rip off a company by loading up debt, paying its sharehloders a wopping dividend and moving on....

Clearly Roger is still tied up in the ACT / free right mantra of sell everything for short term gain no matter the damage to the environment, ppl jobs or long term viability of the company......As shown in Iceland and probably a number of other countries shortly, voters dont want this sort of management style running the country....in a word dinosaur.

regards

Maybe Messrs Fay and Richwhite

Maybe Messrs Fay and Richwhite have some spare coin to invest. Rog and the knights of the round table are trying to create opportunities.

rbot - in other countries the directors may not act like cowboys. Here they don't have to perform and still get paid. Feltex is a prime example, electricity companies are another, finance companies.....

I went looking for that

I went looking for that empirical evidence of a 1% increase - and all I found was ideological presumption.

Produce a robust analysis - which SOEs, what would be the expected productivity gains and why ... empirical evidence, then maybe we can be as convinced as you are, Roger.

It is not a surpise

It is not a surpise that the 100% SOE are less productive and inefficient. Complete privatisation has its own issues of short-term profit motive, which will kill long term investment (for example, Telecom vis-a-vis Telstra performance). We need a balance. 45% equity of SOE can be sold to NZ public subject to the condition that no individual can own more than 1% of the equity and these shares cant be sold to overseas investors. The SOE board directors are self serving and they draw huge fees and do not measure up to public expectation in term of cost effective quality service. More public shares will keep a check on lack of productivity and also balance long term investment and other desirable public needs.

Can I suggest Roger Kerr

Can I suggest Roger Kerr and his like watch "The Smartest Man in the Room" doco on ENRON and then track the careers of those traders to Morgan Stanley and the $150/barrel oil prices while demand was actually declining.

Can we run SOEs better, for sure but we don't have to throw the baby out with the bath water.

Strategic monopolistic assets like Power Generation, Water, Gas, Ports, Telecommunications, Air New Zealand belong in the hands of the tax payers to avoid what happened to California under Enron's self created power shortages / brown outs. But that's America RIGHT? It would never happen here.

We had the same effect here when Telecom was privatised. Theresa Gattung is personally responsible for the loss of 1% of our GDP or more by not investing in Broadband while paying out huge dividends to off share shareholders. Bill English must agree with this statement as it was Nationals No 1 investment promise going into the election. Oh that's right its dropped now.

How many times do we want to pay for the dams we have. Past generations of tax payers paid once, then twice and now let's keep revaluing it at cost of replacement and then reward the CEOs for capital under management. Sounds like a plan.

Our market is not a market at all. Our country is the size of a half decent city with monopolies or duopolies everywhere ready to take the unsuspecting tax payer for a ride. The top three or four banks make more profit that the entire NZX 50. That sounds okay doesn't it?

I'm sick or pretending that privatizing things automatically makes them better and worse is automatically in the national interest. Have a look at the halve way house, the SEOs model with Electricity. Tell me that if the energy SEOs where privatised that the prices and salaries will come down and give me evidence of that happening in a monopoly situation.

In contrast I think government organizations like NZTE should be privatized. How on earth can you spend that amount of money and not provide incentives to people to deliver desired national outcomes. Tech NZ and the VIF funds I would treat in the same way as they need to be separated from government. The world is a big place, it has real markets, and we require our best and brightest to go and conquer them and that's truly in the national interest. I don't see the private sector lining up to take this part of the STATE to market. But then it's not a monopoly and requires real skill to be run profitably and is in the national interest. If we want to stop wasting money we can and should. SOEs can be much better managed so John Key get on with it, but don't sell the silverware yet again as the outcome will be as predictable as it was the first time around.

Get a grip Rodger. After

Get a grip Rodger.
After the deregulation of NZ's electricity industry all it has left consumers with is higher prices and a run down system. Privatisation will leave a corporate to gough futher.
There is no reason that public owned utilities shoud not be run efficiently, and that should always be the case, but for the benefit of the public who are the shareholders.

There is only one thing worse than a public monopoly and that is a private one.
Look no further than Contact to see how they lead / rely on the Spot market. They are usually the first to increse prices.

Good article, Mr. Kerr. But,

Good article, Mr. Kerr. But, as you can see from some of the blogs above, there may be a dissenting voice or two. And I'm sure that they will agree with Michael Cullen, that paying a "premium price" (his words!) for Kiwi Rail was a fine example of the success of NZ governments at picking ( and running ) winners !

Oddly enough, the current Labour members of Parliament have disparaged Mr. Key's government for wanting a roll out of broadband internet access. Yet buying back yesterdays technology, the train set ( which never turned a profit ), is clever thinking ?

Roger - there is little

Roger - there is little doubt SOE performance could and should be made to improve, see:

Activist label rests lightly on Rebstock

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=1056...

"But a paper on the web by Stanford University economist Professor Frank Wolak, who undertook the work, concludes that "suppliers in the New Zealand market have a substantial ability and incentive to exercise unilateral market power [and] this exercise of market power can lead to large wealth transfers from consumers to producers".

and:

Brian Fallow: Power price report test for Govt

http://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=1056...

"In a draft paper presented to an audience at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology last month, Wolak reported that his work provided "strong evidence that the higher market prices that occur when the four large suppliers have a greater unilateral ability and incentive to exercise market power ... is due to the fact that these suppliers submit higher offer prices in order to raise market prices."

and:

"Whichever way the commission and the Government go, it has never been more important to be able to trust the independence and rigour of the regulatory regime.

But what do we see?

The Commerce Commission 's able chair, Paula Rebstock, has been rolled. She did well by the country's consumers; the ferocity of the corporate white-anting she attracted testifies to that."

If privatisation could resolve these issues more people might be for it, but in the NZ context privatisation would only be likely to exacerbate the problems and besides such approaches haven't really worked that well (understatement) in the countries/markets that originated this idealistic approach, as Selwyn points out. Along with the further negative impacts on 'Economic Sovereignty' - something we are struggling with in our banking sector, particularly now - is the road to privatisation and loss of strategic assets that wise? Or, is this really just about flogging-off the silver to cook the books and let some select few make some a quid in the listings on the way?

So reflecting on your comment, "In the private sector, poor returns are a signal that the businesses should be restructured or taken over by management teams that could do a better job." Agreed, we should be firing more of the management that are not performing - simple. So how about have the state fully own the assets, an appropriate degree of the workforce (especially including the safety elements), but at least fully privatise management, under a facilities management type contract, with both (quite obvious) short and long terms goals, with a board selected on commercial criteria, only, directing to contract as agreed with Ministers, with a contract established via parliamentary process?

As for the cocked power market we have in NZ, if you can't wait for Frank Wolak's work, try:

"Will it take more Blackouts before we see the Light? A Systems Approach to the New Zealand Electricty Industry Issues," Canterbury Manufacturers' Association, August 2006. (Probably still available as hard copy from NZMEA.)

C'mon Frank hurry up.

Roger, Labour didn’t do well

Roger, Labour didn't do well at many things and have been voted out as a result. But can we perhaps move on as the country has the odd issue at present and looking backwards may make a few national voters feel happier but frankly it won't fix the issues.

National can make a lot of noise about what the inherited, as both major parties do but this mess is systemic and we have been building to this since think big. Neither Labour nor National own this mess alone as both have failed to fix it during their respective terms. He who introduces flawed policy is only quality if the policy is thrown out by the incoming government. They both make up stories about why they can't change what has happened and have to march on blah blah blah but they could if they wanted too. National won't sell Rail as they know people want a good rail service and frankly why shouldn't a so called first world country not have a good rail service. If we had one what would we save in increased productivity and reduced fuel imports.

Anyway the last Labour government failed New Zealand's Productive Economy by not acting on the 135 submissions on Monetary policy and not introducing capital gains tax on secondary properties. In the same way National voters will soon argue that National has failed them by sticking with Working for Families and not reducing the number of Civil Servants and reneging on more tax cuts . So let's move on and talk about what we can do now, not what hasn't happened in the past. National has the tiller and we must target National policy makers with the best ideas we can muster and debate them as much as possible in the public arena to create a deeper understanding of the issues.

Selwyn : I did not

Selwyn : I did not vote for National in 2008 ! But I did in 2005,'cos Don Brash had some original ideas, and dared to oppose Labour, instead of becoming "Labour-Lite" as the Key Gumnut has. But yes, I do see your points. We have, sadly, stuck with "working for families".

I still don't go with the CGT on secondary properties. I'd rather remove the tax incentive of negative gearing, simpler and cleaner, than trying to fix the mess after the event.

And yes, Labour conveniently forgot to tell us that there are 45000 civil servants, not 35000 as previously admitted to. A mere 10 000 discrepancy !!! You are forgiven for labelling me a key man. I don't even undersatnd english.