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MAF report shows sheep and beef farm prices vastly over-valued, assuming farms are supposed to make economic returns

By David Chaston
MAF has released its 2010 sheep and beef farm monitoring reports and they include models and commentary for all regions.
Farmers faced with reduced discretionary cash kept a tight rein on living expenses, capital purchases and development, but the national model budget still shows very low profitability for sheep and beef farming.
In fact, farm earnings averaged just NZ$66,587 before tax and before paying for the value of any owner-operator labour. They are forecast to rise to only NZ$72,895 in 2011.
This same monitoring revealed that the average farm is being carried at a gross value of more than $4.7 million, 85% of which is the carrying value of land and buildings.
MAF is budgeting for these values to fall about 7% in 2011.
It said seasonal conditions dominated the financial performance of the sheep and beef sector in 2009/10. Mild lambing conditions resulted in a record lambing percentage but drought in Northland, Central Otago, North Otago, and South Canterbury reduced production and forced the early sale of stock in these regions.
Despite good demand for lamb the average price fell NZ$8.43 from 2008/09 and this has more than offset the increase in lambing percentage.
Related Topics
Cash operating surplus for the national sheep and beef model fell 12% in 2009/10, or $4.11 per stock unit, as a result of decreased income per stock unit and increased farm working expenses. It is predicted to fall a further 1% in 2010/11.
Dairy grazing makes up an increasing proportion of net cash income in both 2009/10 and 2010/11.
Interest expenses per stock unit have fallen as a result of lower interest rates flowing through to farm mortgages as they are renewed. But interest still takes more than NZ$53,000 per year of farm income on debt of some $680,000. MAF is not expecting any significant ability to pay down these debt levels.
Low interest rates (7.8% on average liabilities) enable the debt to be serviced, but a rise of 2.5% - being the expected flowthrough of an OCR going from 2.5% to 5.0% in 2011 - could pose some serious strain on farm viability. Based on the MAF model for 2011, interest payments could rise by another NZ$17,000 per year, wiping out the expected farm surplus for re-investment, and reducing earnings before taxes to closer to NZ$55,000 per year per farm.
This monitoring shows that sheep and beef farms are not highly geared - liabilities represent only 20% of total asset values - but the very low profitability throws the recorded land values into serious question.
My view
Assuming* such farms are currently earning only one third their proper level, and assuming* a fair return on the assets employed for a business like this should be at least 15% after tax, land values may be being carried at vastly overstated levels. To achieve that 15% return, land values for NZ$3.8 million would need to be written down by NZ$3.3 million or 87% to just NZ$0.5 million.
The long term inability of sheep and beef farms to earn an average return reinforces the view that such farms are being operated for their capital gain potential.
But the prospect for these continuing must be under severe question. Not only are buyers unwilling to play that game, the potential for limits on foreigners to become buyers undercuts the market, and banks have shown a sudden unwillingness to fund highly leveraged purchases.
Land carrying values are totally unrealistic in this MAF monitoring. The industry faces the risk of a major financial shock. These carrying values have all the hallmarks of an "extend-and-pretend" blindness by an entire industry, its bankers, and its regulator.
--------------------
* These are our arbitary assumptions. Earnings are way too low when the business income barely covers a 'proper wage' for the working farmer. If farming should be a business (and the IRD assumes it is), over the medium term it should earn a normal business return.
Exactly what that is will be up for debate, but given the risks and effort required to earn a return in farming, 15% after tax seems hardly excessive.
Lifestyle goals in farming may be a valid additional benefit, but if that is the basis for tolerating current returns, then New Zealand sheep and beef farmers may better be described as a 'gentrified peasantry'.
30 Comments
This is exactly the problem
This is exactly the problem that capitalism faces. 15% might be acheivable when leveraged with oil based fertilisers, machinery, automation and cheap labour inputs in the form of imports from low wage economies. Put a value on topsoil, clean water and forests etc. and put this on "someone's" balance sheet and then calculate the real return, it's even less. I'm not sure of the answer but it's obvious that 15% is unrealistic, and if that is earned "somewhere else" that's only because of oil. If farming can't be profitable what are we going to eat? The French tolerate low returns and compensate for it. Is this nostalgia or acceptance of reality.
The problem for the farm isnt
The problem for the farm isnt the "low selling price" they claim at all IMHO. I look at my meat bill every week and its pretty much at the limit of what I can afford, so sorry Mr Farmer want more per kg, well I will buy less or something else. Prices are not low its because they have paid too much for the farm and now have a huge mortgage to feed....debt is demanding they rise prices....then along come external shocks like fertilizer costs, I dont have any sympathy for these ppl, go bankrupt...sooner the better.
Gambling on Asset appreciation a stupid game that is with Peak oil about to come un-stuck....and it wont only happen with meat, Grape looks as dodgy...and when these shell games come un-stuck the councils who charge massive rates because they think farmers can afford it, also come un-stuck.
its a PONZI
regards
Are you buying your meat from
Are you buying your meat from the farmer or the supermarket?
By the way, I am not a farmer.
Sad, but
Sad, but true:
http://www.johnwalley.co.nz/79-stop_farming_capital_gains_the.aspx
Cameron Bagrie - "New Zealanders need to accept that the economic model of the past 20 years, which is borrow and spend-style growth, is an unsustainable model. The rural sector needs to accept … you’re not going to see the big speculative asset price booms. The value of your asset needs to be determined by yield and cashflow.”
John Walley - "As this unwinds it will hurt – and the policy response is what?"
Les Rudd - "SFA."
Cheers, Les
www.mea.org.nz
What policy could they
What policy could they have?
Policy is about gentle steering of an economy, but we have had 20~30 years of hands off because thats what these business morons wanted, end result a defuncy economy based on ponzi asset appreciation...
Policy cant fix that over-night....especially as we are so weak, ie the operation might be a success but the patient could die.
regards
Maybe this kind of
Maybe this kind of thing,
http://www.ruralnews.co.nz/Default.asp?task=article&subtask=show&item=14936&pageno=1
Very brave but true article
Very brave but true article David. Well done, but the banks will hate you for it.
Other things that spring to
Other things that spring to mind, as to why land values don't drop to the simple return on investment formula:
1.'supply and demand' - land is a scarce resource, has many competing uses.
2. what are the alternative places to invest? Shares? Bank? Houses? Gold?
3. The sentimental reasons are more than 'lifestyle', they are aspirational over many generations...looking forward, looking back.
"1.'supply and demand' - land
"1.'supply and demand' - land is a scarce resource..."
Untrue.
"2. what are the alternative places to invest? Shares? Bank? Houses? Gold?"
Spoken like the archetypal clueless property cultist.
"3. The sentimental reasons are more than 'lifestyle', they are aspirational over many generations...looking forward, looking back."
Um...what?
My family owns property in a small SI town. We've had it for many years. During the property bubble, prices in the town went apeshit...simply ridiculous, as if the run down shacks there were worth as much as prestige homes in the best suburbs of Auckland or Wellington. Quite a lot of them sold at insane asking prices. Now nothing is selling except the occasional piece of bare land.
Why?
Because none of the houses are worth living in and will require enormous investment just to bring them up to code, and because a couple of land vendors are finally willing to let their otherwise almost worthless bit of dirt go for prices miles below GV (tiny fractions of what they were selling for a few years ago)
But all the others are telling themselves that it's still 2006 and "property is going great!"...even though they cannot sell anything they are offering for sale - haven't sold anything since around 2008 - and even though people actually laugh in their faces whenever they hear the asking prices. The only people who still believe those places are worth buying at any price are the sellers of those places.
It's over, okay? The bubble has burst. The emperor is shivering with cold as people point and laugh.
Thanks for some balance
Thanks for some balance Seafarmer. Where does this arbitary figure of 15% return on investment come from? The reasons for people wishing too farm are many and varied. Most do it because they have a passion for it, are motivated by the variety of challenges that it presents, enjoy the skills it requires, intangible rewards that it produces and the unparralled enviroment it provides for bringing up a family.This is why farms trade at more modest PE ratios than what bean counters and wannabe agricultural commentators may suggest is appropriate. Its called supply and demand! Lots of people aspire to it and afew of us get to enjoy it!
To achieve that 15% return,
To achieve that 15% return, land values for NZ$3.8 million would need to be written down by NZ$3.3 million or 87% to just NZ$0.5 million.
No government in their right mind would allow this to happen. Perhaps a return of 5% , leading to a write down of NZ$1.1million ( 29%) ?
I think you will find many
I think you will find many top farmers getting a return of 5% or more already. These are the ones predominantly who are the ones in position to expand along with those cashed up by the sale of land to other more profitable land uses who then reinvest back into their prefered industry. It is therefore hard to judge the land prices by what some beancounter at maf might model as the "average". One could also argue that given we need to find a way to feed an additional 3 billion odd people in the next 40yrs in a time of potential climate change and fresh water shortages worldwide that NZ farmland may infact be an excellent place to have money invested. There seems to be an increasing number of wealthy foreigners that seem to think so. Seems a better investment to me than provenco shares or hanover bonds!
Farms valuations should
Farms valuations should never have reached the height around 3 years ago, that quotable values, & registered values , keenly thought they were doing people a favour including the business they received . Banks had years of lending freely , then suddenly found that some farms were not giving the returns& farmers were unable to pay their debts.
The only way a beef farm & sheep farm, can help themselves is to give a hand to the dairy grazing opportunites. Though must admit that there are plenty doing that.
Or subdivide & sell , put the revenue in the banks.
My wife Jules and I leased our beef & sheep farm out for 11 years , and semi retired into town.
Though keeping our help in where needed . In the recent years we were receiving 69 thousand per year including GST on 350 acres approximately .
The lessees were required to put a certain amount of fertiliser on each year.
We subdivided land off to make it less expensive for the potential buyers that finally purchased some of our property. Otherwise it would not have been non profitable for them & would have been out of a lot of peoples reach. Especially in the currrent climate of economics & lending.
Unless of course one has pure breed beef & or sheep, re South Island or some links with direct overseas buyers, to make some profit from the endeavour , tha average farmer is going now where .
Farms get put into trusts, etc , & the next generation is faced with how the goverment is seeing the agricultural industry in years to come.
What we have learnt from the farming experience is that people who get involved usually love the life style, & some pay dearly for that, never mind about the economics .
but how many sheep farms were
but how many sheep farms were brought during the peak
the real debt came from dairy farms and is still growing
but i do agree that councils acc ets have to get used to charging less as farmers cant afford it
maybe some of that 50 billion should help
also alot of debt came from
also alot of debt came from the last 4 years droughts
when farmers get back to 2000 levels it should lift profitably but it is odd that our second biggest export earner is being hung out to dry ,
Nothings changed in the last
Nothings changed in the last 40 years Ive been in the game - cant see a 15% yield (cap rate) happening except for maybe a few top dogs operating in the less well located areas. A 15% yield would very quickly see the banks rock into gear as farms are a rock solid investment as they cant disappear like most other investments have in the last couple of years.
Keep up the negatives as it will only make my buying spree better - buy in gloom sell in boom boys!!!!!!!!!!
Sheep and beef farms should
Sheep and beef farms should be bought and sold on a stock unit basis (SU). The value should be determined by the net surplus ( before debt servicing and tax) multiplied by 10 years. So when most sheep and beef farms have a surplus of about $30-40 per stock unit wintered, then they should be worth $300-400 per SU. At the moment that would be a reduction in price of around 50%, back to where they were in 2001.
in 2001 we had a 44 cent
in 2001 we had a 44 cent dollar and the weather was perfect for farming. the funny thing was as the conditions worsened the values went up .in fact i think total farm debt was about 10 billion compared to nearly 50 billion now.
Any ideas what dairy yalues should do
Some sheep or beef farms can
Some sheep or beef farms can be used for other things but their owners prefer to continue in hope the meat industry will change. Therefore some sheep farms could be dairy farms, At $6/7 milksolids some dairy farms were earning over 20% ROC, Return on Capital.
My 70 year old accountant determined in his phD that farmers were going to be the wealthy ones. I am losing faith that the world is going to appreciate what farmers do, therefore I must change what and how I farm.
They aint making any more land. I believe that after we get a large increase in land values, it tends to go up in chunks, then commodity prices rise up to those land values.
David, the figure of $300 to
David, the figure of $300 to $400 per SU seems like just another arbitary figure thrown out there for the sake of generalisation. Every single farm is different and every single purchaser has different means and motivations. An intending purchaser is perfectly entitled to hang out for prices to halve but with both beef and lamb selling in market at record prices and supply dropping worldwide coupled with a growing demand for dairy support or conversion , there is every chance that that aint going to happen. In the interim that block of land they had their eye on has been snapped up and might never return to the market. Everyone is entitled to make their own judgements.
The spin from these bean
The spin from these bean counters makes me laugh.
No mention of the never ending threats to our property rights because of ridiculous rules and regulations dreamed up by the shiny a..... bureauracts and self serving politicians.
Funny thing is we are third
Funny thing is we are third generation sheep farmers and the last few years have been some of the best for quite some time. Comfortably supporting two families. The reason - we have always resisted taking on too much debt and have not chopped and changed - jumping in and out of deer or kiwi fruit or dairying.
We have been prepared to curb our expenditure in the bad years .
That is live within our means and never be beholden to the dangerous bankers.
Really, offshore investment
Really, offshore investment is about securing food security, something the aussies are cottoning on to.
Darfield is not in Mid
Darfield is not in Mid Canterbury David. It is in Central Canterbury. Big difference.
Why do the Chinese want to
Why do the Chinese want to buy up our land?
Dairy land is their first cab of the rank. But I am certain they are also looking at Beef and Sheep land as well, and will haul the cheque books out soon.
Our problem with sheep and beef is that every other guy is ripping us of in the suppy chain. From NZ Meat processors, to shipping lines, and lastly Supermarkets......In the hay day of sheep and beef, farmer owned operatives managed and owned significant parts of this supply chain. Today only Dairy has retained this model and they have capitalised on it.
Beef and Sheep farmers need to unite, and they have two dog shows of ever achieving that now or in the future.
"Why do the Chinese want to
"Why do the Chinese want to buy up our land?"
"Why do the BBers want to buy up our houses?"
Could it be that Sheep & Beef
Could it be that Sheep & Beef Farmers (without too much debt) are in a better financial position than some Supermarkets.
cool 87% drop in my rates
cool 87% drop in my rates
The Chinese want to buy our
The Chinese want to buy our land because they know the world is going to have big trouble feeding its self especialy when the ets starts to bite with land going into trees right around the world we can't eat trees it is all about suring up supply of food
I feel all you who think you are paying a lot for food now prepare to pay more
what a coincidence to knock
what a coincidence to knock sheep industry whemn the dairy payout collapses