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Opinion: Why NZ's current account deficit could fall to 5.5% of GDP in 12 months

Posted in News

Roger J Kerr By Roger J Kerr Asia-Pacific Risk Management Limited ("APRM") recently conducted a detailed analysis as to what makes up our Current Account deficit and what are the trends of those individual component parts. Our conclusions from that analysis and forecast of how that deficit number should track over the next 12 to 24 months are markedly different to the current mainstream economic viewpoint on this important economic measure. Most economic forecasting groups predict the Current Account deficit to remain around existing wide levels. Based on strong historical correlations between the Investment Income deficit and general business profitability levels in New Zealand and international interest rates, APRM projects the Current Account deficit to reduce from the current 8.9% of GDP to near 5.5% of GDP over the next 12 months.

If this projection proves to be accurate, this should be good news for the credit rating agencies as they consider whether to downgrade New Zealand's sovereign rating due to the dual deficit problem (growing Government budget deficit alongside the large Current Account deficit). The analysis highlights a stark and structural reality that the largest and dominating contribution to the increase in the Current Account deficit over the last five years has been the increased profitability of overseas-owned companies operating in New Zealand. The profits and dividends are owed to the foreign owners (e.g. the Australian owned banks) and therefore increase the liabilities side of the external accounts. As the economic recession in New Zealand significantly reduces company profitability, those liabilities to overseas owners will also decrease. APRM projects the overall deficit to reduce from NZ$16.0 billion at 31 December 2008 to NZ$10.5 billion by the end of 2009. The Investment Income balance (comprising "direct", "portfolio" and "other") to reduce by NZ$3.0 billion over the next 12 months, from NZ$13.6 billion to NZ$10.6 billion. Concurrently, the trade (import/export) balance to improve by NZ$3.4 billion, moving from a NZ$2.4 billion deficit to a NZ$1.0 billion surplus due to weaker imports and stronger growth in exports. The services balance, incorporating mainly reduced receipts from tourists, is forecast to deteriorate from a present deficit of NZ$1 billion to NZ$1.7 billion. Substantial reductions in global interest rates over the last 12 months will reduce the interest amounts paid and owed to foreign lenders from New Zealand domiciled banks. APRM's estimation is that the interest bill paid offshore could decrease by up to NZ$1.5 billion this year. The anticipated significant changes in company profitability and global interest rates produce a forecast of a material decrease in our Current Account deficit in 2009. ____________ This was the Executive Summary of the analysis, titled "External Deficit Dissected: Victims of our own success?"  Here is the link to the full analysis. ____________ * Roger J Kerr runs Asia Pacific Risk Management. He specialises in fixed interest securities and is a commentator on economics and markets. More commentary and useful information on fixed interest investing can be found at rogeradvice.com

We welcome your help to improve our coverage of this issue. Any examples or experiences to relate? Any links to other news, data or research to shed more light on this? Any insight or views on what might happen next or what should happen next? Any errors to correct?

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18 Comments

Same point made here; http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/opinion/ni

Same point made here;
http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/opinion/nick-smith/2310142/Deficit-to-dr...

This from Westpac's Brendon O'Donovan;

"Reduced foreign earnings will have a profound impact on the current deficit, says Westpac chief economist Brendan O'Donovan, although he's loath to mention that his employer and the other banks are the ones primarily responsible for the investment income deficit.

Foreign investment income, after all, is responsible for about half of the entire current account deficit."

Key figured out way back.that;s

Key figured out way back.that;s why he is positive about the future.

"The analysis highlights a

"The analysis highlights a stark and structural reality that the largest and dominating contribution to the increase in the Current Account deficit over the last five years has been the increased profitability of overseas-owned companies operating in New Zealand."

If government were to support Kiwibank as suggested here:

http://www.interest.co.nz/news/banks-attacked-profit-gouging-and-mislead...

Would it not help us in the short-term with appropriate competitiveness in the i.rate market and also long-term reduce our risk to said "stark and structural reality", which seems like a classic self exacerbating factor given the associated risk premium and consequent effects on our tradeable sector with fx.rates more reflective of resultant speculative cash flows than real trade flows?

This is interesting too:

http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/world/australia/2316836/Cashing-in-on-a-...

Les Rudd
Invited Member
NZMEA

Hmm. I agree with Roger's

Hmm. I agree with Roger's conclusion, but not for the first time he's using a strawman to inflate the importance of his work. He states: "Most economic forecasting groups predict the Current Account deficit to remain around existing wide levels." Casting my eye over the major banks' research I see their forecasts for year-end are:

ANZ: 5.8%
ASB: 8.0%, narrowing to 6.0% over the next couple of years
BNZ: 7.5%
Westpac: 5.5%

Maybe others can fill in the gaps, but it seems to me that it's only those oddballs at the Reserve Bank (8.4%) who expect the deficit to be close to current levels by the end of the year.

To Les: "Would it not

To Les:

"Would it not help us in the short-term with appropriate competitiveness in the i.rate market and also long-term reduce our risk to said "stark and structural reality"

Probably not. The Government can inject more capital into Kiwibank, but this accounts for as little as 5% of their funding; the other 95% is borrowed in one form or another. Kiwibank can rely on deposits for most of their funding precisely because they are small, but if they wanted to get big enough to start crowding out the big banks, they would have to cast the net a bit wider. That would mean either (a) taking their chances in international capital markets, as a no-name bank from a tin-pot country, or (b) doing something to drastically change New Zealanders' saving patterns i.e. raise deposit rates a lot. Either way, the result will be massively higher funding costs for Kiwibank.

Miguel - thanks for that.

Miguel - thanks for that. It's a shame because:

http://www.interest.co.nz/news/parliament-worried-about-banks-restrictin...

Given it can be done via existing legislation, I'm told, notwithstanding issues of political will, say, is it possible for gov. to increase that 5% to improve on the issue in artcle above?

Is it not the case

Is it not the case that any gains from lower foreign returns from New Zealand operations will be offset by the higher costs of servicing our burgeoning government debt?

The NZDMO has already raised an additional NZD 5.383 billion over the last four months. View graphic details here:

http://www.omo.co.nz/nzd_value2_lv.gif

Furthermore, our case is not helped by the latest stock tap/reverse issuance debacle undertaken by the NZDMO over the last two months. Read more at Alert: 8/04/09 here:

http://www.omo.co.nz/

The suggstions made here would

The suggstions made here would go a long way to help with the structural dynamics of our CAD issue:

Dr Nana on the Money: Productive Economy Council

http://business.scoop.co.nz/2009/04/08/dr-nana-on-the-money-productive-e...

Les Rudd
Invited Member
NZMEA

Les : are we not

Les : are we not in danger of tinkering with micro-economic settings, when we need to be looking at the big picture. Did you see the article "NZ is paying for its 'pandering' ways" in todays CHCH Press ? Mr Jennings is onto the heart of our problems with the same ferocisty that a Jack Russell terrier is onto an old ladie's ankle ! Since Douglas/Richardson, we have gone off the boil, we are off supping a cup of tea ( thankyou, David Lange ). Meanwhile our trading partners and competitors are reducing taxes and compliance costs. We are doing the opposite. The world has moved onto to satellites, the internet, and broadband; and we are buying back the train-set. Where's the vision for a golden future ? Who gives a monkey's arse, internationally, about "Kiwi-Bank" ?

Les - it's not so

Les - it's not so much a matter of "increasing the 5%", because that's how much is needed to meet the minimum capital requirements. If Govt doubled Kiwibank's capital, they would look to double their lending - assuming they could also attract double the debt funding from somewhere.

On your second link: you'll find that Dr Nana will be notably silent about "the damaging effects of volatility" the next time the NZD falls by 20%.

Roger - yes I saw that

Roger - yes I saw that article. I have a lot of empathy with it. See the book reviews I completed for NZMEA, top of the page here:

http://www.mea.org.nz/events.aspx

Yes lower taxes would be nice, see my thoughts here:

http://www.interest.co.nz/news/new-zealand-could-go-bankrupt-within-next...

plus, then reflect on Stephen Jennings comment about our tendency to believe our own myths.

Whether anyone offshore cares about Kiwibank, or NZ for that matter, have a squizz at this:

http://www.stuff.co.nz/business/opinion/stirring-the-pot/2317307/Fletche...

Finally when you say, "tinkering with micro-economic settings, when we need to be looking at the big picture." What you have read and seen suggested by NZMEA, PEC, Dr Nana, does seem to be "big picture" stuff. If you think otherwise can you say why please?

Also, and I don't mean to be aggressive here, but have you got some evidence based suggestions that would help?

Miguel - see above and re. NZD and -20%. I can't speak for Dr Nana, but if that occurs, retaining a policy 'status quo' just adds more weight to the volatility arguement, in that if we change nothing on our side of the fence we all know it'll be off north again with the usual momentum - because as Dr Nana states, our currency is in the top ten of traded currecies in the world - our dollar was traded 118 times our GDP in 2007 compared with 65 times for Australia - what does that say? It's not just about level, it is about the vol. when it comes to business planning for many exporters.

Again, and I don't mean to be aggressive here, but have you got some evidence based suggestions that would help?

Stephen, on the comment "...

Stephen, on the comment "... unless the authorities were bailing out a third party short squeezed trader."

I wonder whether we should seek a please explain via Parlimentary question?

I wonder if Dr Nana

I wonder if Dr Nana would also enjoy having some Singapore-style recessions to go with that Singapore-style managed exchange rate. Peak to trough falls in GDP were 4.4% in 1998, 6.2% in 2001, 2.3% in 2003, and 6.4% so far in the current recession.

And never mind the poor old exporters: down 15% in 1991, 20% in 1998, 25% in 2001, and 40% and counting today.

Miguel - how did NZ do by

Miguel - how did NZ do by comparison? Do you have anything on Gross National Income tracks for them and us in the last 30 years? Also, sorry to be repetitive:

I don't mean to be aggressive here, but have you got some evidence based suggestions that would help?

Re. the Singaporean approach, I think the more liberal version I suggested might work better in NZ, from a political and cultural point of view, comments welcome, see:

http://www.interest.co.nz/news/new-zealand-could-go-bankrupt-within-next...

What do you think?

Miguel you only have to

Miguel you only have to look at Singapore's savings per head vs New Zealand's debt per head to see how far ahead they are as a nation.

Kiwis like to throw crap at Singapore in the same way the US attempts to defend their Medical System against Canada's and really it's not defendable. Singapore has no natural resources, started as a third world nation state in 1963? in the middle of communist threat, when we where delivering one of highest GDP / capita in the world and now look at where we find ourselves. Singapore is a 1st world Nation with some of the best infrastructure you will see anywhere.

Unfortunately they have nothing to fall back on when hi tech exports stop and that's a nature of the their small physical environment. Their policies are as right as I have seen around the world and most importantly acknowledge their vulnerability to exports and the small size of their economy which ours do not.

"Miguel - how did NZ

"Miguel - how did NZ do by comparison?"

I can tell you without looking that we were a lot less volatile. A floating exchange rate takes the edge off both the peaks and the troughs.

"I don't mean to be aggressive here, but have you got some evidence based suggestions that would help?"

Do I know of any countries that have managed to reduce volatility by suppressing their most important adjustment mechanism? No. Go ask Ireland how they're liking their currency union now.

Selwyn - I'm not throwing

Selwyn - I'm not throwing crap at Singapore. Merely noting that they've chosen a system where the brunt of any shock, good or bad, is felt through volumes rather than prices.

Miguel - I don't understand

Miguel - I don't understand how Ireland is a useful comparison for not adopting a fiscal approach to help control inflation and, as we are suggesting in our case, reduce a tendency for over-valuation of our dollar and associated volatility caused by fx trading intensity, as opposed to it being caused by tradeable goods flow? Sure SGD may have been more volatile than us, particularly because of the latter, but would they have been much worse off had they not adopted the system they have? We think, yes. Whether we are more or less volatile than them, our point is, a similar approach would be useful for NZ.

We make a similar context base arguement for the introduction of an unambiguous capital gains tax - Auz/UK have this and it is argued has not reduced housing inflation. Sure, but we think it would nonetheless be useful in NZ given the different context of investment landscapes, firstly to assist in facilitating more investment toward productive activity, with the secondary effect of assisting with reduction of housing inflation, given the strong tendency in NZ for property investment. (Reducing the latter also helps with the OCR/currency dynamic.)

We are not aiming to be like Singapore, UK or Auz, but we are concerned about being like Ireland and Iceland - hence our very debatable suggestions, because retaining the 'status quo' seems to be putting us more and more at risk as time goes on. That risk being a stunted and simplifying export mix because our economy is lacking in dimensions.

So, have you got some evidence based suggestions that would help please?