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RBNZ's Bollard hints at tougher capital rules for banks after Jackson Hole

Posted in News

Reserve Bank Governor Alan Bollard has written a 'state of the nation' piece after his visit to Jackson Hole in Wyoming for the annual conflab of the world's central bankers. The piece published in the NZ Herald was largely unsurprising, but it did include a couple of hints about tougher capital rules for banks.

The comments come 10 days before the Reserve Bank's September quarter monetary policy statement and after Bollard voiced concern last month about New Zealand slipping back into its 'bad old habits' of borrowing heavily via banks to invest in property.

Bollard is concerned that banks may continue pumping more debt into the housing sector because new Basel II rules mean banks set their capital requirements based on past bad debt histories. Housing has low loan loss histories, which means housing lending requires relatively less capital, although the Reserve Bank has imposed a 15% 'regulatory adjustment' top up to their capital levels.

He has returned from Jackson Hole talking about moves afoot internationally to toughen capital levels for banks to avoid a situation where banks put aside less capital when times a good and loan losses are low. Banks should be putting aside even more capital when losses are low, he suggested.

Here is the key passage below.

Internationally and in New Zealand two important new regulatory standards have been introduced recently: International Financial Regulatory Standards, and Basel II risk-weighted capital requirements for banks.

If not carefully implemented, these new standards could be pro-cyclical - encouraging banks to over-lend during economic booms and tighten in a downturn.

We expect new international standards with the G-20 group of countries looking to re-introduce dynamic provisioning (ensuring banks' accounts provide for potential losses as loans are made). They are also considering counter-cyclical capital instruments (with banks building up capital reserves when the economy is growing, that can be drawn down when it contracts). At the Reserve Bank, we have taken a 'through-the-cycle' approach to Basel II, to avoid pro-cyclicality, but we are following international developments with interest.

A final note. Allan Bollard displayed his many talents in the NZ Herald piece published in the newspaper on Saturday. It included a watercolour by him of the Alpine surrounds of Jackson Hole (not the picture above though), which made me want to go on holiday there. Central bankers have all the fun.

We welcome your help to improve our coverage of this issue. Any examples or experiences to relate? Any links to other news, data or research to shed more light on this? Any insight or views on what might happen next or what should happen next? Any errors to correct?

We welcome your comments below. If you are not already registered, please register to comment in the box on the right or click on the "'Register" link at the bottom of the comments. Remember we welcome robust, respectful and insightful debate. We don't welcome abusive or defamatory comments and will de-register those repeatedly making these comments.

Hi Bernard, I've got a

Hi Bernard, I've got a question for you. I'm not sure if you've seen the "Money as Debt" series on YouTube? There's now also a Part II available to view.

In this explanation of the money system, it explains that banks are effectively able to create money "out of thin air" in the way that they lend money. It's quite a convincing (and shocking) explanation of how the money system works, but it doesn't explain to me why (if they're able to create money out of thin air) banks have to borrow money off each other, or off international money markets?

Are they borrowing "real money" so they can leverage that to create even greater amounts of "loan money"?

Or is the Money as Debt series fundamentally flawed in its explanation of the system? Your insight would be gratefully received!

The arrogance of Bollard never

The arrogance of Bollard never fails to surprise me. He now claims that the OECD economies are coming out of recession but keeps a foot in the other camp as well by saying that these economies could easily slip back into recession - brilliant.

But let us not forget that Bollard and his army of neo-classical econmists at the RBNZ with the aid of their so-called spohisticated computer model of the NZ economy completely failed to predict this recession, yes that's right they didn't know it was coming. Yet here he is now telling us that this brilliant model of his is now predicting recovery.

Any one interested in how all the central b(w)ankers throughout the world failed in this respect should take a look at Prof. Steve Keen's website www.debtdeflation.com, where he predicts that the mess that these central bankers caused will get much worse.

However I shouldn't complain because I have made some good profits by doing the exact opposite of what Bollrad says e.g. when he says that the NZ$ is too high I buy it knowing that it will go much higher.

Good for a laugh isn't

Good for a laugh isn't it Andy? "Only spin doctors wanted" is the sign on the window at WINZ. Let's pork us another bubble and build a house of BS to replace the one of rotten cards. How ironic, they used BS mixed with mud and straw back in the green party days of earth floors and no windows circa 1400AD.

Bolly...Bolly....Bolly.........might do this Bolly...Bolly....Bo

Bolly...Bolly....Bolly.........might do this
Bolly...Bolly....Bolly.........might do that
Bolly... ain't gonna do jack.....cause.....

Bernard has edited this comment. A friendly reminder to all not to use language that a lawyer (or a Reserve Bank Governor) might consider abusive or defamatory. Be nice people. Bryan just wants to ban you. I'm keeping him muzzled for now...

Mozart - Borrowed funds act

Mozart - Borrowed funds act as a platform to work off - banks need a capital base before they can expand the money supply.

Andy & Tony: I don't

Andy & Tony: I don't really agree re Bollard. I think he has tried to lean against the excesses in the banking & property markets, by issuing warnings & pushing up interest rates during the bubble. An example of a statement the RBNZ made in May 2007 just as the bubble was peaking is below:
http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/news/2007/3000676.html

"... there are significant economic imbalances which present risks for the financial system. The ongoing housing boom and large savings deficit in the household sector are being funded by international borrowing via the domestic banking system."

"While global markets are currently very liquid, we should be mindful that this will not always be the case. And the longer imbalances run, the more likely we are to see a sharp correction".

"The banks are highly competitive, but while competition is to be encouraged, the low level of lending margins has contributed to ever increasing levels of household debt and upward pressure on house prices," said Dr Bollard.

He was up against it with the Clark/Cullen govt going gangbusters on spending, thus stimulating the economy, & the banks borrowing overseas willy nilly.

& I think he is determined to prevent the bubble reinflating if he can, by increasing the amount that banks have to source long term & domestically. I think that this is geninuinely counter-cyclic policy, I think he has put in place a cybernetic correction that will damp down further excesses.

I think it is up to the govt to do the rest. C'mon Bill, don't be a sissy!

Fat chance of the govt

Fat chance of the govt backing them up Philly. The stupid Cabinet decision to pork the welcome home to greater debt loan scheme is the best indication you will get that the govt is hell bent on solving the problem of excess credit bloated property speculation, by making credit easy to get and blowing another bubble. The question is whether Alan Bollard will stand up to English and bring the axe down on the whole banking rort that is sucking the life out of the country.

Chairman, so the banks borrowing

Chairman, so the banks borrowing is purely to build their capital base, so they can leverage it yet further and drive more money/debt creation? So does this mean that the Money as Debt series is actually accurate?

Doesn't anybody else find this really worrying? Or am I missing something?

Mozart - "Doesn’t anybody else

Mozart - "Doesn't anybody else find this really worrying?" Yes... Debt as Money is a tiger by the Tail, and our grip on him is slipping..mass de-leveraging in an uncontrolled matter is going to hurt a lot!

" Or am I missing something?"... I find Gin and Tonic to be therapeutic.

Mozart: I haven't seen those

Mozart: I haven't seen those particular videos, but the idea that banks "create money out of thin air" is the standard catchphrase of the money nutters who can't / won't grasp how the money multiplier actually works. I'd like to think it's simply a misunderstanding, but the way they tie themselves in knots building vast conspiracy theories around it suggests wilful stupidity.

Mozart - You might find

Mozart - You might find this link Interesting... Niall Ferguson's accent of Money series.

http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article23240.htm

@ Miguel I guess I

@ Miguel

I guess I am a money nutter for believing that the only true money is gold?

I am happy being regard as crazy - when the ponzi scheme that is the global Fiat currency experiment bursts, I will be gracious in my gloating :-)

Philly - so you agree

Philly - so you agree with Bollard that the way to solve this problem of overborrowing and undersaving is to reduce interest rates to their lowest levels ever? I think the RBNZ will be in touch with you shortly with a job offer!

@ Miguel Take the time

@ Miguel

Take the time to listen to this:

http://www.kingworldnews.com/kingworldnews/Broadcast/Entries/2009/8/14_G...

For the record, I am a gold nutter.

I see the FX markets

I see the FX markets are reacting to Bollards comments.

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601109&sid=aj6_Tto6lXNA

No Martin, you will be

No Martin, you will be robbed by your govt as it steals your gold reserves from the mint, or do you intend stashing it under the house, in which case buy a shotgun.

@ Wally You stick with

@ Wally

You stick with fiat paper and I'll go with the risk of gold. A shotgun is a very useful tool, and a bit of gold will buy a lot of them.

What does Bollard expect, if

What does Bollard expect, if you lower the rates, they will come. If you raise the rates, demand for the more expensive credit will slow. If he really wants to stop this housing second wind, he should be demanding banks to require 25% deposit when lending for house buying

Spot on Rob.

Spot on Rob.

My sincerest apologies to Bryan,

My sincerest apologies to Bryan, and thank you Bernard for looking out for us!!

Wally said...........The question is whether Alan Bollard will stand up to English and bring the axe down on the whole banking rort that is sucking the life out of the country.

Now thats a Question I'd love to be around to witness. way to go Wally***

Bryan ....provocation is sometimes the action born of frustration....apologies once again ,I shall be more selective with the rhetoric in future.

Right at the moment, you

Right at the moment, you can swap the toilet paper for shares in a gold mine. Might be better than risking govt theft of your stash at the mint, or getting eltimers and not even knowing you hid your ingots or your coins. Some even pay a div. Just a thought!
A small freehold farm with a variety of produce that can be swapped for stuff is maybe safest of all. Just watch out for the crims who think what's yours is theirs.
Christov, Bill will flog Alan's axe, just you watch!

Like your passion , Christov

Like your passion , Christov ! Borne perhaps , out of that frustration from watching our financial controllers ( Cullen/Brash/Bollard/English ) making such obvious stuff -ups . Or hearing them flapping on and wringing their hands , yet doing bugger -all concrete to sort the mess out . And now , just to cheer us all , Winnie is making a return . And I did predict this ! ( Finally got something right , and hav'nt even got a slab riding on the outcome . Damn ! )

Roger T................ Winnies return will

Roger T................ Winnies return will be short lived as will his present voter block.

Still...............it'll give us something for the light reading in the quiet space.

And thank you for understanding..................!

He's a canny political beastie

He's a canny political beastie , old Winnie . Labour is still on the nose with alot of voters . And there is an underswell of folk disappointed by the Nat's lack of positive action in our economy . Peters and Ron Mark ( a talented chap , never to get a post to fit his abilties . ) may sop up many of us hacked -off middle of the road voters . To Labour and National : A plague upon both your houses !

The Nats have the 2011

The Nats have the 2011 deal in the bag RogerT. It cost John a promise about pensions and any chance that winnie could rise from the dead. Post 2011 expect a new gambit from the Beehive, pushing the spin to the limit on 'tax changes for a better future', or some other similar crap. They will go with a referendum on raising the pension age and use the poodle media to spin it past the peasants. That'll be all set for 2017.

Andy Rodgers: re Bollard keeping

Andy Rodgers: re Bollard keeping interest rates low. Well, ok, u have me there! I think they are too low, & therefore reinflating the property bubble. The problem is, if he raises them, the $NZ will go even higher, & stuff our export sector totally. So I think he is damned if he does & damned if he doesn't.

As mentioned earlier, I like Bolly's changes to the banks' funding base, but I think that any real move to reduce the insanity is up to the govt. & not holding my breath.

Roger T.agree with you on

Roger T.agree with you on Ron Mark ...... a genuine paradox........a politician and a decent human being . One wonders which will survive the complete political emersion.

To be ethical is something we admire and foster, but as Winnie will point out to him "Ambition should be made of sterner stuff" Et Tu.

This is what we warned

Interesting! Trouble is with stats.

Interesting! Trouble is with stats. Wally, is that just ONE more mortgee sale in the period in HB would hev been a 50% increase! 2 -> 16 isn't that much in number (?), but point taken.

Wally........... ta for the link!.............rock

Wally........... ta for the link!.............rock in the pond.....center ripples out hits the edges and ripples back in .The hype merchants have obviously left town. Mom n Pop are bewildered,.......... and Bolly sits on his hands.

Miguel Sanchez - what do

Miguel Sanchez - what do you do for a living?

I see Bryan Gould has

I see Bryan Gould has just placed on his website the full article I gave a taste of on an earlier post. A must read for the serious student of international commerce:
http://www.bryangould.net/id96.html

"But, as governments around the world have "“ with varying degrees of reluctance or enthusiasm "“ found themselves taking centre stage, many commentators and practitioners, not least in New Zealand, have jibbed at accepting the longer-term and wider lessons to be learned from the meltdown. They have been keen to see government intervention to correct past errors as merely a case of dangerous times requiring exceptional measures. The central task, they believe, is to right the ship; it should then be allowed to sail on as before. They impatiently await the opportunity to return to what they see as business as usual, so that governments can safely be put back in their boxes. This is, however, to misunderstand what has happened. The current role of government in correcting and counteracting recession is not an unfortunate aberration. The recession has revealed an abiding truth "“ that the market can deliver its unmatched benefits only if governments are there when needed to make good its deficiencies and act against its excesses."

Speaking of Iceland, here is

Speaking of Iceland, here is a great article by Michael Hudson, credentials here;
http://www.michael-hudson.com/

on how Iceland are beginning to stand up for itself, based on his advise I suspect. We should watch with interest as we are next in line behind Iceland and Ireland in the stakes of indebtedness. It should also be remembered that South Korea is also challenging the private central bankers in the international courts for predatory lending. We should be joining the international class action, but instead John Key and his monetarist cohorts intend to deliver this nation to them on a plate in a fashion that will be all but impossible to reverse;

"Why Iceland's move is so important for international financial restructuring

For the past decade Iceland has been a kind of controlled experiment, an extreme test case of neoliberal free-market ideology. What has been tested has been whether there is a limit to how far a population can be pushed into debt-dependency. Is there a limit, a point at which government will draw a line against by taking on public responsibility for private debts beyond any reasonable capacity to pay without drastically slashing public spending on education, health care and other basic services?

At issue is the relationship between the financial sector and the "real" economy. From the perspective of the "real" economy, the proper role of credit "“ that is, debt "“ is to fund tangible capital investment and economic growth. The objective is to create a tax system and financial regulatory system to maximize the latter.

After all, it is out of the economic surplus that interest is to be paid, if it is not to be extractive and outright predatory. But creditors have not shown much interest in economy-wide wellbeing. Bank managers and subprime mortgage brokers, corporate raiders and their bondholders, and especially the new breed of kleptocratic privatizers applauded so loudly by neoliberal economic ideologues simply (and crassly, I have found) ask how much of a surplus can be squeezed out and capitalized into debt service. From their perspective, an economy's wealth is measured by the magnitude of debt obligations "“ mortgages, bonds and packaged bank loans "“ that capitalize income and even hoped-for capital gains at the going rate of interest.

Iceland has decided that it was wrong to turn over its banking to a few domestic oligarchs without any real oversight or regulation, on the by-now discredited assumption that their self-dealing somehow will benefit the economy. From the vantage point of economic theory, was it not madness to imagine that Adam Smith's quip about not relying on the benevolence of the butcher, brewer or baker for their products but on their self-interest is applicable to bankers. Their "product" is not a tangible consumption good, but debt "“ indeed, interest-bearing debt. And debts are a claim on output, revenue and wealth, not wealth itself."
http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article12802.html