New Zealanders are simply not saving enough for their retirement – so what’s the solution to this looming financial crisis?
The topic was debated by representatives from Fisher Funds, the Retirement Commission, Pie Funds and Milford Asset Management on Tuesday afternoon during a pre-conference session at the Financial Services Council’s conference which officially kicks off on Wednesday.
The focus of the session was around increasing employer KiwiSaver contributions, and how higher contribution rates from employers and KiwiSaver members could change the voluntary retirement savings scheme for the better.
The panel didn’t agree on everything but there was consensus that the minimum KiwiSaver contribution rate – which sits at 3% for both employees and employers – will not be enough for retirement.
The Retirement Commission’s Personal Finance Lead Tom Hartmann summed it up.
“Defaults are extremely powerful things, and when you set them at 3%, basically you’re sending a message to the entire country that that’s going to be enough, that’s going to do the trick,” he said.
“And we know that’s not the case for at least a certain percentage. In fact, the case can be made that higher income members should actually be doing a lot more.”
Since KiwiSaver was implemented in 2007, employers have been legally required to contribute 3% of their employee’s gross salary or wage to their employee’s KiwiSaver.
KiwiSaver members or employees on the other hand can choose to contribute 3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, or 10% of their before-tax pay.
Milford Asset Management’s Head of KiwiSaver Murray Harris said 90% of employers only contribute the default 3% to employee KiwiSavers – and most employees just match their employer’s contribution rate.
“So what’s the incentive to do more than that?”
He said incentives that could be provided were things like increasing the employer contribution rate incrementally over a period of time and a tax concession on contributions.
“Because without that, both employees and employers really have no other incentive,” he said.
Harris also suggested to get employers to “come to the party a bit more”, concessions could be provided to help them help their staff provision for their retirement.
But he added this would come as a cost to the Government – but it would be a short term cost for long term gain.
It’s long been thought that most employers in New Zealand would resist the idea but Pie Funds Chief Executive Ana-Marie Lockyer doesn’t think that’s the case.
She said during the panel that she had recently met with Commerce and Consumer Affairs Minister Andrew Bayly to discuss potential KiwiSaver changes.
Lockyer was told to come back after consulting with employers on what they thought about KiwiSaver adjustments – which she went and did.
“Employers are up for conversation around increases. They think it would be a far more nuanced conversation today than it was when KiwiSaver started,” she said.
“So if we agree it could be a good idea and we can handle the temporary increase, then we just need to find the right time in the economic cycle to implement the changes.”
Fisher Funds Chief Executive Simon Power said a lot was heard about it not being “the time” to be doing anything around changing contribution rates because NZ was in the middle of a cost of living crisis.
“And actually, it’s exactly the right time to do it,” he said. “And it’s exactly the right time to do it to start helping the public think about what might they do with any discretionary income that might come their way when the economic cycle turns,” he said.
Cash cow?
KiwiSaver was introduced in 2007 and is a voluntary savings scheme to encourage retirement savings.
According to equity research firm Morningstar which tracks KiwiSaver funds under management (FUM), total KiwiSaver FUM grew $3.5 billion in the June 2024 quarter to $110.8 billion.
The Financial Markets Authority’s 2023 KiwiSaver report found that more people are leaving money in their KiwiSaver accounts after turning 65 so their investments can continue to grow.
KiwiSaver members are able to access and withdraw from their KiwiSavers at any point once they turn 65. For people younger than 65, early withdrawals are possible but only for financial hardship and first home reasons.
Inland Revenue tracks monthly KiwiSaver withdrawals and the latest data for the month of July 2024 was publicly released in August.
IRD found 7,990 KiwiSaver members withdrew $191.3 million during the month of July via financial hardship and first home withdrawals.
Between January and July 2024, over $1 billion has been withdrawn from early KiwiSaver withdrawals.
Of that $1 billion figure, $890.4 million has been withdrawn for first homes and $201.8 million has been withdrawn because of financial hardship reasons.
The FMA’s 2023 report said KiwiSaver members put a net total of $6.5 billion into their accounts during 1st July 2022 to 30th June 2023, via deductions from salaries and wages, lump sums and other voluntary contributions.
“That is 15% down on the previous year, primarily due to a 62.6% fall in lump sum payments, to $832 million – a level last seen in 2018–19,” the FMA report said.
A growing older population
In 2022, Statistics NZ said the number of people living in NZ aged 65 years or older was likely to hit one million by 2028.
Beyond 2028, the number of people aged 65 or older could reach 1.3 million around 2040, and 1.5 million by the 2050s.
In 2028, 1 in 5 people in the population will be 65+ years according to Stats NZ and by the 2050s, the 65+ group could make up one-quarter of the population.
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