The retail spending slump appears as if it might be intensifying, based on the latest monthly electronic card transaction data released by Statistics NZ.
Stats NZ says that on a seasonally adjusted basis, total retail spending slumped 0.4% in April 2024 compared with March, while 'core' retail spending - which excludes fuel and vehicles - fell 0.7% on a seasonally-adjusted basis last month, according to Statistics NZ.
After a surprise lift in spending (seasonally-adjusted) in January 2024, the figures have now dropped for each of the past three months - reflecting a downbeat pattern in the economy, remembering that GDP dropped in the December 2023 quarter. Also remember that the population has grown substantially with the surge in inbound migration. Such a surge should, all things being equal, lead to increases in overall spending.
Stats NZ said specific movements by retail spending category in April 2024 (seasonally-adjusted) included:
- motor vehicles (excluding fuel), down $1.0 million (0.5%)
- apparel, down $5.7 million (1.7%)
- hospitality, down $5.6 million (0.4%)
- fuel, down $6.1 million (1.1%)
- consumables, down $9.0 million (0.3%)
- durables, down $11 million (0.7%).
It's worth mentioning that Stats NZ has now started seasonally adjusting the hospitality figures again - figures which were particularly badly disrupted by the pandemic and its aftermath, and hence not allowing meaningful ways of seasonal adjustment.
Stats NZ said non-retail spending was up in April.
Stats NZ said the non-retail (excluding services) category increased by $47 million (2.2%) from March 2024. This category includes medical and other health care, postal and courier delivery, travel and tour arrangement, and other non-retail industries.
The services category was up $24 million (6.8%). This category includes repair and maintenance, and personal care, funeral, and other personal services.
But going back to the retail spending - it's worth comparing the actual (IE not seasonally adjusted) figures for April 2024, with April 2023.
What those show is that for every single retail category, the amount spent was less in April this year than in April 2023. And that's even more significant than it first sounds - because the figures are not adjusted for inflation. The inflation rate in the year to March was 4.0% - so all things being equal, retail sales should have been up 4% over the past 12 months.
In fact, the figures show that durables spending was down 8.8%, apparel was down 7.9%, hospitality was down 4.1%, vehicle spending was down 1.5%, consumables was down 0.7% and fuel was down 0.5%.
Core retail spending therefore was down 4.1%, while total retail spending (including fuel and vehicles) was down 3.8%.
And, yes, the overall retail figures for April when compared with the same month of the previous year are considerably worse than those for March 2024 when compared with March 2023.
The wallets have been closed. Which is exactly of course as the Reserve Bank intended it, with the Official Cash Rate hikes and much higher mortgage rates.
Stats NZ said in actual terms in April, cardholders made 160 million transactions across all industries in April 2024, with an average value of $55 per transaction. The total amount spent using electronic cards was $8.8 billion.
The all-up transactions figure of 160 million was 0.2% higher than for April last year.
However, if we just look at the retail transactions, at 131 million - these were down 1.3% on the number of transactions for April 2023.
Westpac senior economist Satish Ranchhod said retail spending "has remained very weak".
"Despite strong population growth, spending growth has stalled in the face of financial pressures," he said.
In respect to the 3.8% fall in total retail spending over the past 12 months, Ranchhod reiterated that this was despite strong population growth "and points to a sharp fall in per-capita spending".
"In large part that’s been a result of continued increases in living costs that are squeezing households’ spending power. Those pressures include increases in the costs of necessities like rent and utilities which are draining cash from households’ wallets, even though we’re now seeing more modest increases in retail prices."
Ranchhod expects household spending will remain "soft" over the coming months.
"Households’ budgets remain under pressure from continued high interest rates and still high inflation. At the same time, the labour market is softening. Those conditions mean that spending appetites are likely to remain weak for some time yet. Signalled tax cuts may give spending a temporary boost through the back half of the year."
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