By Bernard Hickey
Home loan affordability improved sharply to its best levels in almost seven years in January as a drop in house prices and continued low interest rates lifted home buyers’ purchasing power, the Roost Home Loan Affordability report shows.
A slight rise in weekly wages and the ongoing benefits of last year’s income tax cuts for those on higher incomes boosted affordability to its best levels since February 2004, which was just before house prices surged.
However, there are renewed signs of a two-speed housing market where prices of more expensive homes in Auckland and Wellington are firmer than entry level and investment properties in the outer suburbs and in provincial cities, where prices are weaker and buyers are in a stronger position.
“Home buyers have the upper hand in many areas where house prices are flat to falling and they are seeing relatively low and stable interest rates,” said Rhonda Maxwell, spokeswoman for mortgage broking group Roost Home Loans.
“Affordability for young couples has improved dramatically over the last five years to the point now where less than a quarter of after tax income is required to service the mortgage on a lower quartile priced property,” Maxwell said.
A young couple earning the median wage can afford to buy a first quartile priced house with 21.7% of their disposable income required to service an 80% mortgage. This is down from 21.9% in December and down from a June 2007 high of 35.1%.
The national median house price fell to NZ$340,000 in January from NZ$352,000 in December. However, the first quartile house price fell to a lesser extent, dipping to NZ$245,000 in January from NZ$245,250 in December and remains below its March 2010 peak of NZ$257,100.
The Roost Home Loan Affordability report measures affordability nationally and regionally for individual income earners and households, taking into account median house prices, interest rates and incomes.
The Roost Home Loan Affordability measure for all of New Zealand showed the proportion of a single median after tax income needed to service an 80% mortgage on a median house improved to 51.7% in January from 53.8% in October.
Affordability improved across most of Auckland as median prices fell. Queenstown reclaimed the mantle as the most expensive city in the country after a rise in its median house price. Wanganui took the top spot as the most affordable city from Invercargill after its median price fell.
Affordability has been improving since December 2009 as house prices have flattened out and interest rates have fallen, the monthly measure calculated by interest.co.nz in association with Roost found.
Most home owners are still on fixed mortgages, but more new borrowers are choosing to float, given floating rates at around 6.2% are cheaper than average longer term fixed rates at around 6.6%.
The Home Loan Affordability reports are now using the floating rate as most new mortgages are now floating rather than fixed. Home loan affordability hit its worst level of 83.4% in March 2008 just after house prices peaked and 2 year mortgage rates were close to 10%.
Affordability is difficult in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, Hamilton and Tauranga for those on a single median income, but homebuyers in smaller provincial cities will find home ownership much more affordable. Households with two incomes are also in a stronger position, particularly those bidding for homes priced in the lower quartile.
Affordability for households with more than one income improved in January because of the fall in the median house price. This measure of a ‘standard typical household' found the proportion of after tax income needed to service the mortgage on a median house fell to 34.4% from 35.7% in December.
This measure assumes one median male income, half a median female income aged 30-35 and a 5 year old child that receives Working-for-Families benefits. Any level over 40% is considered unaffordable for a household, whereas any level closer to 30% has coincided with increased buyer demand in the past.
The survey’s measure of a ‘standard first-home-buyer household' found the proportion of after tax income needed to service the mortgage on a first quartile home fell to 21.7% in November from 21.9% in December.
This measure assumes a first home buyer household includes a median male income and a median female income aged 25-29 with no children. Any level over 30% is considered unaffordable in the longer term for such a household, while any level closer to 20% is seen as attractive and coinciding with strong demand.
See the report for first home buyers here.
Question and Answers about the report
How does interest.co.nz work out these numbers?
Interest.co.nz gathers data from Statistics New Zealand and IRD on wages in each region, data from the Real Estate Institute from each region each month, and data from banks and non-banks on interest rates. It has calculated home loan affordability going back to the beginning of 2002.
How is this survey different from the Massey University survey of affordability?
The Massey study is only done quarterly rather than monthly and uses an index of Home affordability rather than actually measuring home loan affordability. It uses an index rather than the actual measure of the proportion of after tax pay needed to service an 80% mortgage on a median home. The exact composition and meaning of the index is not detailed.
Why use a single median income rather than household income?
It’s true that most homebuyers are using a combination of one or more full or part time incomes to service their mortgage. Each household is different and may be using incomes from different sources. The best measure of average national household income is calculated officially once in every three years by Statistics New Zealand. Interest.co.nz chose to use the median income data series from IRD and Statistics NZ because it can be measured monthly and can be drilled down by region and by age. We do include a chart showing how many median incomes are required to keep mortgage payments at 40% of take home pay. It is currently around 2 median incomes.
Why is home loan affordability important?
It is a useful way to work out if a housing market is overvalued. It’s clear house prices stopped rising when the national affordability ratio rose above 80% or 2 median incomes to service the average home loan. It’s a way of comparing affordability of housing markets with a national average and comparing housing values from one year to the next. For example, the affordability ratio in 2002 before the housing boom really took off was around 41%.
Why use floating rather than fixed?
Up until December 2010 this survey used the 2 year average bank fixed mortgage rate to calculate the interest costs for home loan borrowers. But from January 2011 it was changed to the floating rate because more than 50% of new mortgage borrowers are now using the floating rate.
About Roost
Roost is the sponsor of this Report, and the Reports must be referred to as the Roost home loan affordability reports. Roost, owned by AMP, is one of New Zealand’s largest independent home loan and investment property mortgage brokers with 16 franchisees nationwide. Roost offers to source the perfect loan for its customers from a panel of lenders and insurance advice from Roost insurance specialists. Roost was established in 1996. For more information please visit www.roost.co.nz
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