A weaker economy will worsen New Zealand’s public finances even as the Coalition Government cuts spending, new Treasury forecasts show.
The Crown agency said economic conditions were expected to stay subdued after a period of strong demand, tight supply, and historically high inflation.
Real gross domestic product was forecast to contract 0.2% in the year ended June 2024 and only grow 1.7% the following year.
That conceals a much sharper drop in GDP per capita, as population growth is helping to bolster the headline number. Per capita, the economy declined 2.8% in 2024.
Government tax revenue flows from the nominal size of the economy, not adjusted for inflation, which is also forecast to be lower than previously expected.
Treasury said the smaller economy would translate into soft tax revenue growth, at least in the near term, while core Crown expenses remained high.
Core tax revenue would be $28b lower than forecast in the half year update, due to $18.5 forecast changes and $9.8 billion in tax policy changes.
Treasury said while policy changes contributed to the overall reduction in core Crown tax revenue, it didn’t affect headline fiscal indicators due to offsets.
This means operating deficits will deepen and net core Crown debt will continue to rise under the Coalition. Next year, it will spend $13.4 billion more than it earns.
Treasury estimated NZ was running a structural deficit of around 1.5% of GDP, this adjusts for the economic cycle and strips out one-off costs.
Across the forecast period, annual operating deficits will add $36.1 billion to the public debt. That number climbs to $50.6 billion when counting capital costs, as well.
This is $18.3 billion more than had previously been forecast, despite the spending cuts.
Net core Crown debt as a share of economy will peak in 2025 at 43.5% and will still be at 41.8% at the end of the forecast period. The Coalition Government wants it below 40%.
Long term forecasts show surpluses growing from 2028 onwards, suggesting there will be room then to upgrade services, further cut taxes, or pay down debt.
Treasury had forecast a $1.5 billion surplus is forecast in June 2028, assuming the economic forecasts play out as expected.
This assumes the New Zealand economy achieves an annual average growth rate of 2.9% during the last three years of the forecast, once interest rates have been cut.
“The economy is expected to gradually strengthen from the second half of 2024, with private sector incomes supported by the Budget 2024 tax package, a continuing recovery in tourism earnings and an easing inflation outlook enabling a gradual reduction in interest rates,” Treasury said
These forecasts show unemployment peaking at 5.3% at the end of this year and inflation falling back into the target range, allowing for interest rate cuts slightly sooner than the Reserve Bank has planned.
Treasury said the fiscal impulse, or how much the Government was contributing to inflation, was contractionary but less so than previously assumed.
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