Backwards, forwards or sideways. Which way will it be for GDP?
In the coming week (Thursday, September 21) Statistics NZ will be releasing GDP (Gross Domestic Product) data for the June quarter.
This is the last significant piece of economic data to be released prior to the October 14 election. September quarter Consumers Price Index inflation figures will be coming out just after the election on October 17.
The June quarter GDP figures will be quite 'old' information, but that won't necessarily stop them being a useful political football in the heat of the election campaign.
This is particularly so because of how we find ourselves placed in respect to the recent past GDP releases. The December quarter 2022 GDP result showed 'negative' growth, of -0.7%. This was followed by another minus result of -0.1% for the March quarter.
It is generally accepted in the world of economics that two consecutive quarters with a minus sign in front of them constitutes a 'technical' recession. So, by the narrowest possible of margins we are 'technically' in recession. In a real sense this has all been a bit meaningless. But no question, in an emotional sense, there's some powerful drama in the 'R' word.
Between lingering impacts from the pandemic and other events such as those weather issues earlier this year, a lot of the economic data being produced in recent times has been what economists like to call 'noisy' - with one off disruptions and to some extent also with data difficult to measure at times. This means that revisions to the data have and will be a 'thing' for some time.
This is mentioned because as I've said before it's entirely possible that in conjunction with the release of the June quarter GDP figures, Stats NZ may well revise the previous quarter's results. This is worth bearing in mind because if the March quarter figures were revised UP by any amount at all it means the -0.1% initial GDP reading would be wiped and it means by extension that we would NOT have had two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth - and therefore no 'recession'!
But anyway, let's assume for the moment the December 2022 and March 2023 quarter negative GDP figures remain. That means the figure for the June quarter will either see the 'end' to the recession - or a continuation.
So, to go back to those politicians and thinking about what's grist for the election mill, if in the coming week our economy is found to have gone backwards for three quarters in a row, well, great fun and games. Opposition politicians are going to have to perform that neat trick of pretending to be dismayed while actually delighted!
In truth though it seems that opposition MPs are more likely to be disappointed. That's because economists are picking that there will be some sort of a reasonable bounce-back in the figures for that June quarter. Remember, the March quarter was affected by events such as the Auckland Anniversary Weekend flooding and Cyclone Gabrielle and the subsequent disruptions based on those events - so, the June quarter is seen as offering some sort of a bounce from that.
The Reserve Bank is picking that GDP will have grown 0.5% in the June quarter. At time of writing I had just one of the picks of main bank economists in front of me, but general opinion among the economists seems to have been coalescing in the range of 0.4% to as much as 0.8% growth for the economy in the second quarter.
The various economic indicators leading up to the release of the June quarter GDP figures have definitely been a mixed bag, but there's been enough positive surprises and evidence of resilience to suggest that the GDP reading will be well into the positives.
To look at just a few indicators that have come out in recent weeks for the June quarter, the merchandise (goods) terms of trade rose 0.4%, which was a much stronger result than was expected. The volume of total manufacturing sales rose 2.9%, following a 1.8% fall in the March 2023 quarter. When adjusted for seasonal effects, the total value of wholesale trade sales fell 1.2% ($458 million) in the June 2023 quarter, following a 0.5% ($207 million) fall in the March 2023 quarter. The amount of building work put in place fell in the June quarter. Retail sales fell in the June quarter. It's the third fall in a row.
Time for an economist's view...
ANZ senior economist Miles Workman, who is picking 0.4% GDP growth for the June quarter, said economic momentum is clearly slowing on the back of the 525 basis points of hikes to the Official Cash Rate (OCR) delivered by the Reserve Bank since late 2021 and taking the OCR to its current 5.50%.
"A weak underbelly is expected to be particularly evident in the per capita data, which is expected to post another quarterly contraction (-0.2% quarter-on- quarter) as population growth of 0.6% q/q outpaces headline activity. In annual growth terms, the widening gap between headline and per capita growth shows New Zealand is back to its pre-pandemic trick of population growth bolstering growth in headline GDP," Workman said.
He said while GDP is expected to "eke out a small expansion" in the June quarter, momentum is weak and that’s unlikely to change any time soon.
"Looking forward, the bigger picture for the economy isn’t likely to be a pleasant one until it’s clear that the RBNZ have domestic CPI inflation under control. And for that to happen, economic activity will either need to remain sub-par for a while yet or some other nasty shock would need to come along on the global front, doing a lot of the RBNZ’s work for them. It was good to see some stability in dairy prices over the past fortnight, but China risks to our export sector remain front and sector in this regard."
Okay, back to me, and assuming that the economy didn't contract in the June quarter, what lies ahead?
The RBNZ has forecast that negative GDP growth will have started again in the quarter we are currently in and that the economy will shrink -0.3% in the September quarter and then -0.1% in the December 2023 quarter. There would be one of those 'technical' recessions again - though a very mild one. If indeed the RBNZ was to prove at least close with its forecast then this would constitute the famed and ever-elusive 'soft landing' for our economy.
Clearly the situation is very fluid though. A major GFC-style event would change things rapidly. And its fair to say the possibilities/probabilities of some substantial global implosion continue to look very real.
But the flip side is, if we look purely domestically, our housing market is perking up again, and our inbound migration is back in full flow. Those two intertwined things could yet pump the economy up by more than has been expected in the coming months. But what that might do to inflation is another thing altogether...
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