sign up log in
Want to go ad-free? Find out how, here.

US Federal Reserve, NZ current account & GDP swing into focus after Bank of Japan makes its move

Economy / analysis
US Federal Reserve, NZ current account & GDP swing into focus after Bank of Japan makes its move
[updated]
breakfast

By Stuart Ritson*

Global asset markets were generally subdued as investors looked ahead to the US Federal Reserve rate decision which will help frame the outlook for policy easing this year. The S&P recovered from an earlier dip to be marginally higher in afternoon trade with similar small moves across other major global indices. The Nikkei registered a 0.7% gain after Tuesday's widely anticipated Bank of Japan meeting. Treasury yields drifted lower and the US dollar advanced.

The Bank of Japan (BOJ) raised interest rates for the first time since 2007, becoming the last central bank to exit negative interest rate policy. The BOJ shifted to a new overnight policy rate which it will keep in a 0-0.1% range, discontinued its yield curve control program and ended purchases of exchange-traded funds. However, it will continue to purchase government bonds to ensure any move higher in yields remains gradual. The policy adjustment was widely anticipated. Japanese Government Bond (JGB) yields ended marginally lower while the yen weakened.

In the US, building permits and housing starts for February exceeded median expectations. Although likely partly weather related, easing mortgage rates and weak inventory for existing homes for sale contributed to demand. The data suggests the underlying trend is improving, and aligns with the pickup in homebuilder sentiment, which turned positive in March.

US treasury yields drifted lower across the curve. 2-year yields retraced marginally from the 2024 highs falling 3 basis points (bps) to 4.70%. There was a similar move in 10-year treasuries – down 2bps to 4.30% - in quiet market conditions with many investors sidelined ahead of the Federal Reserve's Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The US$13 billion 20-year auction saw decent demand with yields near the 2024 highs likely a factor.

The yen was the main mover in currency markets falling more than 1% against the US dollar compared with pre-BOJ levels. Comments by Governor Ueda, who said it’s important to keep monetary conditions accommodative, weighted on the Yen. The US Dollar was broadly stronger against G10 currencies. Softer than expected inflation data in Canada, increased market pricing for a June cut by the Bank of Canada and contributed to Canadian dollar weakness.

NZ dollar-US dollar (NZD/USD) extended the move from the local session Tuesday and made new 2024 lows towards 0.6035. There didn’t appear to be any independent catalyst for the NZD move. However, sentiment may have been impacted by the Treasury’s commentary that said NZ was in a ‘severe’ economic downturn. The NZD is weaker on the major crosses except NZD/Japanese yen. NZD/Australian dollar retraced gains made Tuesday following the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) meeting, where rates were on hold as expected, and the bank removed any references to possible future increases.

NZ fixed interest markets ended the local session Tuesday lower in yield with a modest steepening bias. 10- year NZ Government Bond yields fell 2bps to 4.67%. Bonds outperformed swaps with rates in the 10-year sector unchanged on the day. Australian 3 and 10-year bond futures are largely unchanged overnight following the post-RBA drop in yields.

NZ fourth quarter (Q4) current account data is released Wednesday and is expected to continue narrowing as a proportion of GDP. The FOMC is unanimously expected to leave rates on hold Thursday morning (NZT) with the focus on updated economic projections and Chair Powell’s press conference. Investors will look to the ‘dot plot’ and the amount of rate cuts forecast for this year.

Another key focus is any change in policymakers’ long run view of the fed funds rate. The median has been stable at 2.5% since 2019. Officials are also likely to discuss the Fed’s balance sheet though an official announcement about the tapering of quantitative tightening is not expected at this meeting.

The overnight bi-monthly GlobalDairyTrade (GDT) auction saw a 2.8% overall price drop, with whole milk powder down 4.2%.

Daily exchange rates

Select chart tabs

Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
Daily benchmark rate
Source: RBNZ
End of day UTC
Source: CoinDesk

The easiest place to stay up with event risk is by following our Economic Calendar here ».

*Stuart Ritson is BNZ's Senior Interest Rate Strategist. David Chaston will return on Thursday.

We welcome your comments below. If you are not already registered, please register to comment.

Remember we welcome robust, respectful and insightful debate. We don't welcome abusive or defamatory comments and will de-register those repeatedly making such comments. Our current comment policy is here.

90 Comments

.

Up
0

I was working in finance when neg interest rates were introduced in Japan. We had to spend weeks making sure the models would all still work!

Up
10

The annual tumble in the China export log market underway. Many loggers won't able to absorb another round of losses.

In 2019, China imported 60.57 million m3 of logs - 2023 38 million m3.

 

Up
6

Might be an increase in demand for timber when they start migrating back to the countryside from the cities?

Up
0

Deputy PM causing trouble again, the kind that gets noticed. Serial nuisance.

Up
1

When you stand up to bullies you get knocked down but you get up again.

Up
13

Who’s the bully?

Up
3

Depends on your own point of view

Up
1

Reminds me that in the time around the fourth Labour government it was reported that Mr Prebble could and would reduce Mr Cullen to tears. Grandmother,  as always acerbic, declared that that will always happen to the smaller bully when he meets the bigger bully.

Up
1

Let’s see if there is a 5bil hole in the books 

Up
5

He is an embarrassment

Up
9

Dinosaur..(trying to be a mini trump) 

Up
4

hes doing an excellent job ...  a top shelf politician

He actually calls Bul$shi% out  & is prepared to talk for NZ's interests ... rather than the be kind nonsense charade of that awful awful fush and chup lady

 

Up
26
Up
14

Thanks BT

Up
2

Hard disagree. He's in permanent campaign mode because he has no substance. Any hard question he faces just causes him to whine about the media and storm off. You will tire of the grifter within 6 months. 

Up
11

yes as i said he a top shelf POLITICIAN ... he can duck and dive with the best of them

"You will tire of the grifter within 6 months."

His longevity isnt by chance

Up
4

Yer keeps being voted in by peeps with views close to yours...NZ back on track or divided more?

Up
2

Possibly / probably more divided but not legislated apartheid this time.

Up
7

the most divisive government we have ever seen handsdown was the last one.

Sounds like you are missing them?

 

Up
2

LOL - ..I enjoy the Haka..especially when the kids do it

Up
1

Did you watch his state of the nation speech? Uncut? 

Up
1

No. That was Mahuta.

 

Up
6
Up
4

In other news, it appears even the mainstream is waking up to the supply shortage furphy.

From the Guardian (https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/mar/19/end-of-landlords-surprisingly-simple-solution-to-uk-housing-crisis)

The evidence, however, does not support this thinking. Quite the reverse. Over the last 25 years, there has not just been a constant surplus of homes per household, but the ratio has been modestly growing while our living situations have been getting so much worse.
...
In terms of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, the UK has roughly the average number of homes per capita: 468 per 1,000 people in 2019. We have a comparable amount of housing to the Netherlands, Hungary or Canada, and our housing stock far exceeds many more affordable places such as Poland, Slovenia and the Czech Republic. It is impossible to make a case for unique levels of housing scarcity in Britain, in comparative international or historical terms.
...
In the 1970s, when Leigh’s contemporaries were buying their first homes, they were the direct beneficiaries of an imploding private rental market. Rent controls, secure tenancies and high interest rates had conspired to decimate the sector: it shrank from nearly 60% of dwellings in England and Wales in 1939 to just 9% in 1988

 

Up
3

The Guardian (typically) failed to mention that family/household sizes in 1939 were double today's.

Up
2

And maybe there was an accommodation crisis then too? They don't say, but do imply that what followed was a solution of sorts. 1939 was mentioned only with regard to the high proportion of landlord-owned dwellings (60%, falling to 9%! in 1988).

Up
0

Quoting numbers of homes/capita & homes/household is disingenuous & misleading without the people/home context 

Up
1

2000 to 2022 saw a decline in the UK average household size from 2.38 to 2.36. During which time we saw the worst of the accommodation crisis happen.

Up
2

I had to look up Furphy. Good word. Thank you!

“A furphy is Australian slang for an erroneous or improbable story that is claimed to be factual.”

---

I've always been a bit suspicious that Supply is the main/only problem. Seems like a good cover story for some owning several properties.

Up
3

Furphy indeed.  They are everywhere in the media.  I am getting frustrated with the media stories that list the negative comments about something, but you can't find actual detail what was said or done about that something.  

Yesterday it was Deputy PM Peters.  Today it is disability funding.

Up
6

I have been saying this for a long time. We have a utilisation issue. The number of people I know that own 2 or 3 houses is amazing.

The positive is that I know a number of second homes that are now coming on the rental market. A recession tends to do that.

Up
4

The positive is that I know a number of second homes that are now coming on the rental market.

As the prospect of capital gains disappears over the horizon while holding costs rise, this is exactly what you would expect to see  if you believe underutilisation has been an issue.

Before this is over (the crash, that is) I think there may even be talk of oversupply (Ireland anyone?).

Up
8

Ah good ole ‘supply skepticism’ getting more legs 

Up
3

The UK housing market, mirroring the rest of the country, is two speed. All the jobs are in the southeast and the houses are more evenly distributed across the country.

Up
0

I'm somewhat surprised you didn't quote this paragraph ... [my emphasis added]

Solving the housing crisis does not need to involve an ecologically unforgivable project of mass-scale housebuilding. It does not need to involve asphalting green belts, destroying precious amenities through “infilling”, converting office blocks into flats or wasting government money on quixotic home-ownership schemes. We simply need to relearn the wisdom of the last century: to acknowledge that landlordism is the enemy of affordability, and to ensure that the housing economy is not defined by the staggering rental yields that our unregulated market can produce.

Up
10

Yeah, bit of a misfire on that 'staggering yields' bit!

Up
0

Yes, it is about as naive as you can get about how housing works.

1)There are no staggering yields, in fact, most yields are neutral at best. What there can be is high ROI due to speculative capital growth with the actual yield just washing its face debt-wise.

2) Rental properties are needed as part of a healthy societal mix. But it's the % of rents to owner-occupiers that is the issue. Renting at certain stages of your life gives you more flexibility to take advantage of work opportunities, ie allows you to be more mobile and mobility is linked to higher incomes over time. Conversely if you buy too early you can lock yourself into a place and debt and not be able to move as easily should the opportunity arise.

UK is a warning that shows what happens when land use restrictions get baked into the housing framework such that speculative rentier gain is the underlying benchmark for the value, rather than its present yield earning ability. And it's a warning because we use the same commonwealth-inherited legislation. The UK is worse only because they have been doing it longer.

Thankfully NZ's main political parties all understand the flaw. Labour's attempt to remedy it was countered by their command and control ideology. National understands what needs to be done, and if they get their policy settings and implementation right, despite the vested interest that will try to block it, we will have a chance to stabilize the housing market, remove waste from the system, and allow wage inflation to restore median income multiples to a more affordable ratio.

 

Up
2

Totally on board with points 1 and 2.

As for how this could be resolved, I don't think addressing the supply side is sufficient.

What will work is reducing demand for properties as investments. Demand for properties as homes will always remain.

Unfortunately, we've proven incapable (or unwilling) to do that with the consistent rejection of capital gains tax, land value tax, meaningful lending restrictions, etc, all in favour of increased accommodation supplements, interest deductions, short term rentals, and so on.

Thankfully (for many) the market will solve this one for us. The whole thing is so fragile now that a return to even less than historically typical interest rates is crushing the house of cards.

Real change generally only happens in response to a crisis.

Up
4

So many companies consulting over restructuring,  going to be a tough year 

Up
12

Yeah I know of heaps, private and public. Things are really starting to turn ugly.

Up
6

Saw it coming a couple of years ago and decided to lock in some decent maintenance contracts - leaving me with 4 days a week to focus on my own projects. With the way the NZD has been going, and those projects focused on overseas markets, I'm very happy with that decision right now.

Up
0

https://www.stuff.co.nz/politics/350208676/richlisters-speak-out-why-th…

Richlisters splash big on National and Act because National and Act put in place policy which makes them richer and protects their wealth. This is why the current coalition's policies are so clueless and will do nothing to address cost of living or improve the country's overall well-being. 

The coalition is there to pay back their donors, which is why you see policies that are proven to be bad for the country (tobacco, roads road roads, etc...) and elections fought along culture war lines. The super rich have a massive interest in creating disharmony and division across society, the last thing they want is a unified country that looks at how much they take and decide that enough is enough. 

It's a shame, as this is exactly the same route  that the Republican party in the US and the Tory party in the UK have taken, we're just running a decade or so behind them. If you want to see how that works out just look at where both those countries are now. 

Up
14

"Richlisters splash big on National and Act because National and Act put in place policy which makes them richer and protects their wealth. "

Evidence for your assertion? There's nothing in the article to support your statement, quite the contrary.

I look forward to seeing your next expose on the influence unions have on Labours policies.

Up
14

LOL Kiwi...have you been over seas for the last 100 days...??? Also National are in need of some clean fill as have a very large hole to fill..any ideas?

Up
7

Nonsense. The 100day plan was published before the election & the Coalition achieved a mandate from the voters to implement it. Sour grapes.

Up
12

Coalition of Chaos..enjoy your cigarettes,and upcoming new taxes...so glad the country is back on track

Up
5

The taxation and economic policy side of the new government I'm not so hot on, but the cigarette thing seems blown out of proportion. The way some people are carrying on you'd think the government is handing out packs of darts on every street corner, and we will soon be back to the "glory days" of tobacco advertising everywhere.

Everybody knows smoking is bad for you, and smoking isn't cool with youth any more (heck even the best part of 20 years ago when I started high school, smoking was only for the absolute losers ... how would I know? Because I was an absolute loser and did smoke a bit, but then stopped one day and never looked back).

It seems a very long bow to draw that we're suddenly going to see a big uptick in the number of people starting smoking. That's before considering issues with black market tobacco (I find it strange that many of the people who argue that prohibiting drugs doesn't work because it engenders criminal activity then claim that the same doesn't apply for tobacco)

To some extent I'm more interested in seeing how parties are going to respond to the vaping epidemic. There are kids as young as 12 at my wife's school getting busted vaping - seems unlikely that in 3 years time or whatever the new cohort will be lighting up a Marlboro red instead? 

Up
14

There is also plenty of evidence that prohibition fosters black markets which turn out to have far more negative impacts than what was being prohibited

and do gooders -especially the religious ones  - just love prohibitions as they are good for their business 

Up
3

Eliminating the black market is the reason why this lot are so keen to legalise marijuana ... oh wait.

Up
3

The referendum then did what?

Up
1

Exactly. People will smoke regardless. May as well get the tax 

Up
0

Remind me which section of the 100 day plan said they were going to repeal the smoking laws... 

Up
3

"The perfect is the enemy of the good"

Up
1

Oh I see, like this National and Act leadership you take the same approach when challenged with facts.

I suppose I'll be accused of being bias just like the MSM because I just pointed out you were actually, demonstrably, based on actual facts,  wrong. 

Up
4

Do you remember the implementation of Labours ethnostate (3-10 Waters, separate Maori Health, unelected race based local govt representation etc) as published policy prior to the 2020 election, or He PuaPua being mentioned ?

Me neither.

 

Speaking of being challenged with facts, you haven't yet replied to my challenge on your demonstrably false claims about the Stuff article.

Up
6

Simpsons did it!

Up
1

I didn't make any claims about the stuff article, not sure what you are referring to. The stuff article was posted to show how much the super rich support Act and National. Are you questioning that? 

Up
2

Coalition of National and Greens was the mandate.

Up
2

United we stand, divided we fall.

Up
4

Unions have a huge influence on Labour policies. Unions defend the rights of their workers. Unions were responsible for the vast majority of working condition improvements. I'm not sure what your point is. 

Personally I think the nurses union is more likely to have the interests of nurses as a whole than a rich lister who owns a private medical firm. Doesn't mean that every richlister is only out for themselves, but "on average" it's more likely. 

Up
4

Pick any topic and there it comes, agnostium's daily tirade against the new government.

Up
13

The biggest losers are those that cannot accept that they have lost. It is always so. 

Up
10

Countries like Russia (and China) are not democracies and dont have elections just a charade for a purpose

and worse they provide an example for others to copy  - so plenty of African and middle eastern countries adopt the same veneer

maybe furphy is a good description of what has taken place

Up
1

Wow - ok had doubts before but just wow.

Up
0

It doesn't matter who you voted for, the list of winners is diminishing fast with every successive government.

Up
3

Give me a reason to support them. 

Up
4

Er.  They put up a programme, and the people voted for it, and then they did it.

Democracy, it's good.

So as you asked, I approve the wind back of the co-governance madness has begun, and with courtesy and care.

I don't like with the reversal of interest tax deductions for rental house.

Up
6

OK on the interest deductibility we agree, see we're more aligned than you think. 

Up
3

Well done.  We have achieved your first step of rehabilitation.  Actually discussing policy.  Away from the daily "my tribe is always right and yours always wrong"

Up
3

I don't have a tribe. 

Up
1

And your daily support for absolutely anything the new government do!

Up
3

Incorrect Jimbo.  

Up
3

And the loyal camp leaders backing their masters...whats your point?

Up
1

"He donated because he was deeply concerned about the direction the country was heading in, believing “more competent and disciplined management” was required."

Reckon that donor might be looking for their money back.

Anyway, all of then said they didn't want anything from the party. I believe.

 

 

Up
3

well the labour party set a pretty low bar for competent and disciplined management

My concern is that the requirement for a big improvement in competent and disciplined management does not appear to be flowing through to govt. depts. and certainly not to local bodies 

Only likely to change if some dept. heads are given their marching orders

Up
2

Now there's a point many of us argued during labours term. While it seemed that labour were lacking competency it also at times seemed the ministries responsible were just saying we don't want to do that, and just caring on with their empire building.

Up
1

I started watching yesterday's TVNZ breakfast and after the first 5 mins lost all motivation.. was waiting for a story I heard they were running but just thought "never mind"

Up
7

Ah but they are so vital to ‘The Public Interest’

Up
2

I am not sure what the point of your comment was. You didn't say what was wrong with the show.

Maybe you simply aren't the target market?

I personally don't watch any broadcast TV anymore.

Up
0

It'd probably be fine having on in the background at Macca's or your local cafe. They were pilloring rich pricks at the time I thought Nah

Up
0

Warehouse posts a 27.7 million net loss for 6 months. Now selling The Market, their online side.

Some big sales on at our competitors stores at the moment. Can that see some retail prices are less than our cost. Might buy them some time but not a long term strategy. 

Going to be some big changes in the retail market as firms struggle.

Up
2

Kathmandu in the red with a $10 million loss as well

Up
0

Both have been added to the watchlist. There will come a time to buy ... Or not.

Up
0

I won't pretend to know much about Kathmandu's business, but after visiting one of their stores before a recent tramp - wow! They've really gone all in on tat.

Up
0

When "The Market" was advertising heavily for ICT staff I did some digging on the technology they were using. I was so concerned that they'd end up with a system that would be extremely costly to maintain I emailed a colleague and suggested a K.I.S.S approach with a low cost base would serve them far better in the longer term. They replied, "Bay of Pigs".

Up
0

Waiting for a sale on a Gore-tex jacket. Currently out of my budget and nothing on TradeMe. Hoping post-winter Torpedo7 have a close-out sale.

Up
0

Obviously the com com missed the fact we have a new government and things need to change.

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/business/512198/warehouse-disappointed-comco…

 

Sarc

Up
2

Can we check the political donations from Sanitarium ..in God we trust..

Up
1